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1、官方正式名称:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.3.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain(thelargerone)andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.4.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain三个政治区:England,ScotlandandWales.(1)Englandisinthesout
2、hernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区;theCentrallowlands;thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh(3)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital首都:Card
3、iff(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast.5.TheCommonwealth英联邦(ofnations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.Chapter2TheOriginsofaNation(5000BC-1066)I.Arriv
4、alandsettlementoftheCeltsCeltswerepracticedfamers.Thedrainedmuchofmarshlandsandbuilthousesofwood.Theywreironworkers,too.Theirlanguages,theCeltslanguages,arethebasisofthelanguagewhichisstillusedbysomepeopleinScotlandandWales.TheirreligionwasDruidism 1、TheCeltsbeg
5、antoarriveBritainabout700BC.2、TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGaels-cameabout600BC.ThesecondwaveweretheBrythons-cameabout400BC.ThethirdwaveweretheBelgae-cameabout150BC.II.TheAnglo-Saxons(446-871)1．BasisofModernEnglishrace:theAnglo-Saxons
6、.Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonictribes.①TheJutes,whofishedandfarmedinJutland,cametoBritainfirst.AJutishchiefbecametheKingofKentin449.②ThentheSaxons,usersoftheshort-swordfromnorthernGermany,establish
7、edtheirkingdominEssex,SussexandWessexfromtheendofthe5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury.③Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,theAngles,whoalsocamefromnorthernGermanyandweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople,settledinEastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.Thesesevenprinci
8、palkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavebeengiventhenameofHeptarchy七王国.2．TheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristianity.最早的盎格鲁—撒克逊人改信基督教
