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1、官方正式名称:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.3.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain(thelargerone)andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.4.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain三个政治区:England,ScotlandandWales.(1)EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGre
2、atBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区;theCentrallowlands;thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh(3)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital首都:Cardiff(4)NorthernIrelandisthe
3、fourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast.5.TheCommonwealth英联邦(ofnations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.Chapter2TheOriginsofaNation(5000BC-1066)I.ArrivalandsettlementoftheCeltsCeltswerepract
4、icedfamers.Thedrainedmuchofmarshlandsandbuilthousesofwood.Theywreironworkers,too.Theirlanguages,theCeltslanguages,arethebasisofthelanguagewhichisstillusedbysomepeopleinScotlandandWales.TheirreligionwasDruidism 1、TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC.2、TheCeltscametoBritaini
5、nthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGaels-cameabout600BC.ThesecondwaveweretheBrythons-cameabout400BC.ThethirdwaveweretheBelgae-cameabout150BC.II.TheAnglo-Saxons(446-871)1．BasisofModernEnglishrace:theAnglo-Saxons.Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescame
6、toBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonictribes.①TheJutes,whofishedandfarmedinJutland,cametoBritainfirst.AJutishchiefbecametheKingofKentin449.②ThentheSaxons,usersoftheshort-swordfromnorthernGermany,establishedtheirkingdominEssex,SussexandWessexfromtheendofthe5thcenturytothebeginningof
7、the6thcentury.③Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,theAngles,whoalsocamefromnorthernGermanyandweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople,settledinEastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavebeengiventhenameof
8、Heptarchy七王国.2．TheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristianity.最早的盎格鲁—撒克逊人改信基督教
