建筑环境与能源应用工程专业英语7

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1LessonSevenRefrigerationandRefrigerants 2TopicsRefrigerationtheoryandevaluate1AirpollutionbyRefrigerants2Compressors3344TextandkeywordslearningUsagesandExpressions35 3RefrigerationandheatpumpHightemperatureLowtemperatureRefrigerationEnergyTHTLQHQLHightemperatureLowtemperatureHeatpumpEnergyTHTLQHQLSummerindooroutdoorWinteroutdoorindoorTopicone:Refrigerationtheoryandevaluate 4vaporcompressionsystem 5 6IndoorheatexchangerCompressorExpansionvalve四通换向阀Four-wayReversingValveOutdoorheatexchanger 7EntropyAbsolutetemperature1234TheoreticalVaporCompressionRefrigerationCycle1-2Thecoldsaturatedvaporatstate1iscompressedisentropicallytothehightemperatureinthecycleatstate2.2-3Thecycleiscompletedbyanisothermalandisobaricheatrejectionorcondensingprocessfromstate2tostate3.3-4Saturatedliquidatstate3expandsisenthalpicalytothelowtemperatureandpressureofthecycleatstate4.4-1Heatisaddedisothermallyandisobaricallybyevaporatingtheliquidphaserefrigerantfromstate4tostate1.EnthalpyPressure1234 8COP:CoefficientofPerformanceEER:EnergyEfficiencyRatioHSPF:HeatingSeasonalPerformanceFactorSEER:SeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatio 9absorptionsystemwaterlithiumbromideammoniawater 10 11OzoneDepletion!反应输入物反应产物反应催化剂Topictwo:AirpollutionbyRefrigerants 12decreaseincreasetemperatureincreaseatmosphereearthGlobalWarming!Greenhousegases 13 141.RefrigerationandRefrigerationSystemsdefinition&classificationofRefrigerationSystems2.Refrigerants,CoolingMediums,andAbsorbentsdefinition&standardrefrigerantdesignations3.ClassificationofRefrigerantsclassificationofrefrigerantsbasedonozonedepletion4.PhaseoutofCFCs,BFCs,HCFCs,andTheirBlendshistoryofthephaseoutsomealternativesTopicFour:Textlearningandkeywords 15refrigeration制冷refrigerationsystem制冷系统refrigerant制冷剂coolingmedium冷却介质vaporcompressionsystem蒸气压缩式系统absorptionsystem吸收式系统gasexpansionsystem气体膨胀式系统ozonedepletionpotential(ODP)臭氧消耗潜能globalwarmingpotential(GWP)全球变暖潜能absorbent吸收剂brine盐水hydrocarbon碳氢化合物halocarbon卤代烃phaseout逐步停用或淘汰alternative替代物Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)氢氟烃Hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs)氢氯氟烃Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)氯氟烃Bromofluorocarbons(BFCs)Halons溴氟烃HC（Hydrocarbon）碳氢FC（Fluorocarbon）氟烃azeotropic共沸的nonazeotropic非共沸的TopicFive:Textlearningandkeywords 16Refrigerationisthecoolingeffectoftheprocessofextractingheatfromalowertemperatureheatsource,asubstanceorcoolingmedium,andtransferringittoahighertemperatureheatsink,probablyatmosphericairandsurfacewater,tomaintainthetemperatureoftheheatsourcebelowthatofthesurroundings.2.Arefrigerationsystemisacombinationofcomponents,equipment,andpiping,connectedinasequentialordertoproducetherefrigerationeffect.coolingeffect:冷却作用heatsource:热源heatsink:热汇coolingmedium:冷却介质surrounding:(周围)环境inasequentialorder:顺序的refrigerationeffect:制冷效应 173.Thecompressedrefrigerantiscondensedintoliquidformbyreleasingthelatentheatofcondensationtothecondenserwater.4.Liquidrefrigerantisthenthrottledtoalow-temperaturevapor,producingtherefrigerationeffectduringevaporation.5.Afterliquidrefrigerantproducesrefrigerationduringevaporationatverylowpressure,thevaporisabsorbedbyanaqueousabsorbent.latentheat:潜热sensibleheat:显热condenserwater:冷却水aqueous:水的水成的absorbent:吸收剂吸收的throttle:节流节流阀expansionvalve:膨胀阀 186.Thesolutionisheatedbyadirect-firedgasfurnaceorwasteheat,andtherefrigerantisagainvaporizedandthencondensedintoliquidform.7.Arefrigerantisaprimaryworkingfluidusedtoproducerefrigerationinarefrigerationsystem.8.Allrefrigerantsextractheatatlowtemperatureandlowpressureduringevaporationandrejectheatathightemperatureandpressureduringcondensation.solution:溶液解答direct-firedgasfurnace:直燃式燃气炉wasteheat:废热primaryworkingfluid:初级工作流体extract:吸取吸收抽出reject:排放拒绝 199.Inalarge,centralizedair-conditioningsystem,itismoreeconomicaltopumpthecoolingmediumtotheremotelocationswherecoolingisrequired.10.Chilledwaterandbrinearecoolingmedia.11.Theyareoftencalledsecondaryrefrigerantstodistinguishthemfromtheprimaryrefrigerants.centralizedair-conditioningsystem:集中式空调系统economical:节约的经济的economic:经济的经济学的有关经济的chilledwater:冷冻水brine:盐水secondaryrefrigerants:二级制冷剂primaryrefrigerant:初级制冷剂 2012.Therefrigerantvaporizes,andthesolutionisrestoredtoitsoriginalconcentrationtoabsorbwatervaporagain.14.Tocomparetherelativeozonedepletionofvariousrefrigerants,anindexcalledtheozonedepletionpotential(ODP)hasbeenintroduced.restore:恢复concentration:浓度ozonedepletion:对臭氧层的消耗破坏ozonedepletionpotential(ODP):臭氧消耗潜能introduce:引入 2118.Anazeotropicisamixtureofmultiplecomponentsofvolatilities(refrigerants)thatevaporateandcondenseasasinglesubstanceanddonotchangeinvolumetriccompositionorsaturationtemperaturewhentheyevaporateorcondenseatconstantpressure.20.Nonazeotropic,includingnearazeotropic,showsachangeincompositionduetothedifferencebetweenliquidandvaporphases.azeotropic:共沸的(制冷剂)volatility:挥发性物质volumetriccomposition:体积构成saturationtemperature:饱和温度zeotropicnonazeotropic:非共沸的(制冷剂) 2221.Thedifferenceindewpointandbubblepointduringevaporationandcondensationiscalledglide,expressedin℉.22.Nearazeotropichasasmallerglidethanzeotropic.dewpoint:露点（温度）bubblepoint:泡点（温度）glide：滑移（温度）℉:华式温度FahrenheitCelsiusglide:温度(滑移)Tc=（5/9）×（Tf-32） 23数字的表示法1用阿拉伯数字1.1在句首在句首一般使用英语单词Twomenpushedonthecrankwithequalforces.数字后面没有名词时，常用阿拉伯数字300decreasedby100is200.TopicSix:UsagesandexpressionsaboutNumbers 24数字的表示法1用阿拉伯数字1.2在句中个位数常用英语单词，十位数以上常用阿拉伯数字；Matterexistsinthreestates:solid,liquidandgas.Thecorporationproducesarangeof16alloysteelgrades.一句话中出现一个以上的个位数字（包括一些十位数）时，都用阿拉伯数字表示，或都用英文单词表示；Heusedacrewof3carpenters,1plumber,6laborers,1foreman,and1timekeeper.单位名词前的数字通常用阿拉伯数字表示。Thecargainedaspeedof4feetpersecond.Ataspeedof17,500milesperhour,…TopicSix:UsagesandexpressionsaboutNumbers 25数字的表示法1用阿拉伯数字1.3两数连用分别用英文单词及阿拉伯数字写出，习惯上将词组或句子之首计数的数字用英文单词写出；three15Wlampstwo4-tontrucksTopicSix:UsagesandexpressionsaboutNumbers