美国对华贸易保护主义的原因及对策研究

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1、摘要美国是中国的第一大贸易伙伴，中国对美的贸易依存度一直居高不下。2008年国际金融危机以来,美国对华的贸易保护主义愈演愈烈。如何应对经济危机下的贸易保护主义，促进我国经济平稳健康发展，已成了我国对外贸易首要问题。因此，了解美国贸易保护主义对我国贸易的发展有着现实的意义。本文主要研究了美国对华贸易保护主义的原因并就如何应对提出了可行性的对策与建议。首先，对贸易保护主义进行了概述；其次，分析了金融危机下美国对华贸易保护主义的新特点；第三，从经济，政治，制度三方面分析了美国对华贸易保护主义抬头的原因；第

2、四，重点提出了我国应对美国贸易保护主义的对策与建议。【关键词】贸易保护主义金融危机美国出口AbstractUnitedStatesisChina'slargesttradingpartner；China'stradedependenceontheUnitedStateshasbeenhigh.Since2008,theinternationalfinancialcrisis,U.S.tradeprotectionismintensified.Howtodealwiththeeconomiccrisi

3、softradeprotectionismandpromotestableandhealthydevelopmentofChina'seconomy,China'sforeigntradehasbecomeatoppriority.Therefore,understandingtheU.S.tradeprotectionismontradedevelopmentinChinahaspracticalsignificance.ThispaperisforthecauseofU.S.tradeprote

4、ctionism,andhowtodealwiththefeasibilityofproposedcountermeasuresandsuggestions.First,anoverviewoftradeprotectionism；Secondly,theanalysisofthefinancialcrisis,theU.S.tradeprotectionismunderthenewfeatures；third,fromaneconomic,political,institutionalanalys

5、isofthreeU.S.tradeprotectionismcauses；Fourth,thehighlightofourresponsetoU.S.tradeprotectionismmeasuresandsuggestions.Keywords：TradeProtectionism；FinancialCrisis；theUnitedStates；Exports目录一、贸易保护主义概述………………………………………………(01)（一）贸易与保护贸易„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(01)（二

6、）贸易保护主义的内涵„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(02)二、金融危机下美国对华贸易保护主义及新特点„„„„„„(02)（一）现阶段美国的贸易保护政策„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(03)（二）贸易保护手段的多样性与创新性„„„„„„„„„„„„(04)（三）贸易保护战略的进攻性与针对性„„„„„„„„„„„„(04) 三、美国对华贸易保护主义抬头的原因分析„„„„„„„„(05)（一）经济原因„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(05)（二）制度原因„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

7、„(06)（三）政治原因„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(06)四、我国应对美国贸易保护主义的对策与建议„„„„„„(07)（一）积极改善我国贸易环境„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(07)（二）完善双边磋商和协调机制、积极参与多边贸易谈判„„„„(07)（三）加大对外直接投资力度„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„(08)（四）调整出口结构，实施产品差异化和市场多样化„„„„„„(08)（五）扩大国内需求，转变经济增长方式„„„„„„„„„„„(09)参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„

8、„„„„„(11)一、贸易保护主义概述（一）贸易与保护贸易随着全球贸易自由化的迅速发展和世界经济一体化进程的加快，国际多边贸易体系建设取得实质性进展，以及多个自由贸易区的形成，贸易自由化越来越受到各国的青睐。与此同时，贸易保护并未因乌拉圭回合协议实施带来的贸易自由化而退潮，贸易保护问题仍在凸显。尤其是以公平贸易和人类健康、生态环境保护、消费者权益保护面目出现的更为隐蔽和“合理”的贸易保护得以新的发展，呈现出不同以往的特点和表现形式，各国采取的贸易保护越来越频繁，政策措