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1、论文——植物杂交试验(1865)ExperimentsinPlantHybridization(1865)byGregorMendelIntroductoryRemarksExperienceofartificialfertilization,suchasiseffectedwithornamentalplantsinordertoobtainnewvariationsincolor,hasledtotheexperimentswhichwillherebediscussed.Thestrikingregularit
2、ywithwhichthesamehybridformsalwaysreappearedwheneverfertilizationtookplacebetweenthesamespeciesinducedfurtherexperimentstobeundertaken,theobjectofwhichwastofollowupthedevelopmentsofthehybridsintheirprogeny.Tothisobjectnumerouscarefulobservers,suchasKölreuter,Gä
3、rtner,Herbert,Lecoq,Wichuraandothers,havedevotedapartoftheirliveswithinexhaustibleperseverance.GärtnerespeciallyinhisworkDieBastarderzeugungimPflanzenreiche[TheProductionofHybridsintheVegetableKingdom],hasrecordedveryvaluableobservations;andquiterecentlyWichura
4、publishedtheresultsofsomeprofoundinvestigationsintothehybridsoftheWillow.That,sofar,nogenerallyapplicablelawgoverningtheformationanddevelopmentofhybridshasbeensuccessfullyformulatedcanhardlybewonderedatbyanyonewhoisacquaintedwiththeextentofthetask,andcanappreci
5、atethedifficultieswithwhichexperimentsofthisclasshavetocontend.Afinaldecisioncanonlybearrivedatwhenweshallhavebeforeustheresultsofdetailedexperimentsmadeonplantsbelongingtothemostdiverseorders.Thosewhosurveytheworkdoneinthisdepartmentwillarriveattheconvictionth
6、atamongallthenumerousexperimentsmade,notonehasbeencarriedouttosuchanextentandinsuchawayastomakeitpossibletodeterminethenumberofdifferentformsunderwhichtheoffspringofthehybridsappear,ortoarrangetheseformswithcertaintyaccordingtotheirseparategenerations,ordefinit
7、elytoascertaintheirstatisticalrelations.Itrequiresindeedsomecouragetoundertakealaborofsuchfar-reachingextent;thisappears,however,tobetheonlyrightwaybywhichwecanfinallyreachthesolutionofaquestiontheimportanceofwhichcannotbeoverestimatedinconnectionwiththehistory
8、oftheevolutionoforganicforms.Thepapernowpresentedrecordstheresultsofsuchadetailedexperiment.Thisexperimentwaspracticallyconfinedtoasmallplantgroup,andisnow,aftereightyears'p