最新范里安微观经济学现代观点原版讲义ppt课件.ppt

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1、TheTheoryofEconomicsdoesnotfurnishabodyofsettledconclusionsimmediatelyapplicabletopolicy.Itisamethodratherthanadoctrine,anapparatusofthemind,atechniqueofthinkingwhichhelpsitspossessortodrawcorrectconclusions---JohnMaynardKeynesEconomicModelingWhatcauseswhatinec

2、onomicsystems?Atwhatlevelofdetailshallwemodelaneconomicphenomenon?Whichvariablesaredeterminedoutsidethemodel(exogenous)andwhicharetobedeterminedbythemodel(endogenous)?ModelingtheApartmentMarketHowareapartmentrentsdetermined?Supposeapartmentsarecloseordistant,butotherwi

3、seidenticaldistantapartmentsrentsareexogenousandknownmanypotentialrentersandlandlordsModelingtheApartmentMarketWhowillrentcloseapartments?Atwhatprice?Willtheallocationofapartmentsbedesirableinanysense?Howcanweconstructaninsightfulmodeltoanswerthesequestions?EconomicMod

4、elingAssumptionsTwobasicpostulates:RationalChoice:Eachpersontriestochoosethebestalternativeavailabletohimorher.Equilibrium:Marketpriceadjustsuntilquantitydemandedequalsquantitysupplied.ModelingApartmentDemandDemand:Supposethemostanyonepersoniswillingtopaytorentacloseap

5、artmentis$500/month.Thenp=$500QD=1.Supposethepricehastodropto$490beforea2ndpersonwouldrent.Thenp=$490QD=2.ModelingApartmentDemandTheloweristherentalratep,thelargeristhequantityofcloseapartmentsdemandedpQD.Thequantitydemandedvs.pricegraphisthemarketdemandcurveforc

6、loseapartments.MarketDemandCurveforApartmentspQDModelingApartmentSupplySupply:Ittakestimetobuildmorecloseapartmentssointhisshort-runthequantityavailableisfixed(atsay100).MarketSupplyCurveforApartmentspQS100CompetitiveMarketEquilibrium“low”rentalpricequantitydemandedof

7、closeapartmentsexceedsquantityavailablepricewillrise.“high”rentalpricequantitydemandedlessthanquantityavailablepricewillfall.CompetitiveMarketEquilibriumQuantitydemanded=quantityavailablepricewillneitherrisenorfallsothemarketisatacompetitiveequilibrium.CompetitiveM

8、arketEquilibriumpQD,QS100CompetitiveMarketEquilibriumpQD,QSpe100CompetitiveMarketEquilibriumpQD,QSpe100Peoplewillingt