final exam review instructor pages期末考试复习教师页.ppt

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1、FinalExamReviewSummer2010Chapters16,25,and26KidneyFunctionsRemovaloftoxins,metabolicwastes,andexcessionsfromthebloodRegulationofbloodvolume,chemicalcomposition,andpHKidneyFunctionsGluconeogenesisduringprolongedfastingEndocrinefunctionsRenin:regulationofbloodpressureandkidneyfunctionErythropo

2、ietin:regulationofRBCproductionActivationofvitaminDUrineMovementglomerulusproximalconvolutedtubuleloopofHenledistalconvolutedtubulecollectingductminorcalyxmajorcalyxpelvisureterbladderurethraFigure25.5NephronFunctionalunitofkidneyUnitsofnephronRenalcorpuscleBowman’s(glomerular)capsuleGlomeru

3、lusTubulesPCTLoopofHenleDCTCollectingductFigure25.3RenalcortexRenalmedullaMajorcalyxPapillaofpyramidRenalpelvisUreterMinorcalyxRenalcolumnRenalpyramidinrenalmedullaFibrouscapsuleRenalhilum(a)Photographofrightkidney,frontalsection(b)DiagrammaticviewFiltrationMembranePorousmembranebetweenthebl

4、oodandthecapsularspaceConsistsofFenestratedendotheliumoftheglomerularcapillariesVisceralmembraneoftheglomerularcapsule(podocyteswithfootprocessesandfiltrationslits)Gel-likebasementmembrane(fusedbasallaminaeofthetwootherlayers)Figure25.9aGlomerularcapillarycoveredbypodocyte-containingvisceral

5、layerofglomerularcapsuleGlomerularcapillaryendothelium(podocytecoveringandbasementmembraneremoved)ProximalconvolutedtubuleParietallayerofglomerularcapsuleAfferentarterioleGlomerularcapsularspaceFenestrations(pores)EfferentarteriolePodocytecellbodyFootprocessesofpodocyteFiltrationslitsCytopla

6、smicextensionsofpodocytes(a)GlomerularcapillariesandtheviscerallayeroftheglomerularcapsuleFigure25.5FenestratedendotheliumoftheglomerulusPodocyteBasementmembraneGlomerularcapsule:viscerallayerFiltrationMembraneAllowspassageofwaterandsolutessmallerthanmostplasmaproteinsFenestrationspreventfil

7、trationofbloodcellsNegativelychargedbasementmembranerepelslargeanionssuchasplasmaproteinsSlitdiaphragmsalsohelptorepelmacromoleculesFigure25.9c(c)ThreepartsofthefiltrationmembraneFenestration(pore)FiltrateincapsularspaceFootprocessesofpodocyteFiltr