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1、.宾语从句3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意一、宾语从句的种类思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Whether,if在从句中不宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。例如:1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:Heaskedmewhether(i
2、f)Icouldhelphim.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3b
3、usstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.只能用whether不能用if的情况:1)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例:Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。2)宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例:Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.3)和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例:Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:.Ihear(that)physicsisn’
4、teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?三、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,既:1.主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。例:1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3)She
5、saysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。.例:Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.四、宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkforithi
6、misrighttotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?如果宾语从句中有某
7、个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?.当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthought