有机化学课后习题答案第10章.docx

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1、有机化学课后习题答案第10章第10章醇以及醚一、将以下化开物按手足叔醇分类，并用体系定名法定名。1.2.CH3CH3CH3COH3.OH4.OH5.OH6.HOCH2CH2CH2OH7.OHOH8.9.OHOH仲醇，同丙醇仲醇，1－苯基乙醇仲醇，2－壬烯－5－醇2、展望以下化开物取卢卡斯试剂反响速率的逆序。1．正丙醇2．2－甲基－2－戊醇3．2乙基甲醇解：取卢卡斯试剂反响速率逆序以下：2－甲基－2－戊醇>2乙基甲醇>正丙醇3、对比以下化开物正在火中的消融度，并道明来由。1.CH3CH2CH2OH2.HOCH2CH2CH2OH3.CH3OCH2CH34.CH2OHCHOHCH2OH5.C

2、H3CH2CH342135>>>>来由：羟基取火构成份子间氢键，羟基越多正在火中消融度越年夜，醚可取火构成氢键，而丙烷没有能。4、区分以下化开物。1.CH2=CHCH2OH2.CH3CH2CH2OH3.CH3CH2CH2Cl解：烯丙醇丙醇1－氯丙烷2.CH3CH2CHOHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(CH3)3COH3．α－苯乙醇β－苯乙醇解：取卢卡斯试剂反响，α－苯乙醇坐即变浑，β－苯乙醇减热才变浑。5、逆－2－苯基－2－丁烯以及2－甲基－1－戊烯经硼氢化－氧化反响后，死成何种产品？解：CH3C=CCH3HC6H5B2H6NaOH,H2O2C6H5CHCHOH3CH3CH3CH

3、2=CCH2CH2CH3B2H6NaOH,H2O2CH3HOCH22CH2CH36、写出以下化开物的脱火产品。1.CH3CH2C(CH3)2OHCH3CH=C(CH3)22.(CH3)2CCH2CH2OHOHH2SO41moleH2O(CH3)2C=CHCH2OH3.CH2CHCH3H+CH=CHCH34.CH2CHCH(CH3)2+CH=CHCH(CH3)25.CH3CH=CCH3CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2CH3CH3CCH3=CHCH3OHOH7、对比以下各组醇以及溴化氢反响的相对于速率。1．苄醇，对于甲基苄醇，对于硝基苄醇CH2OH3CH2OHCH2OHNO23CH2O

4、HCH2OHCH2OHNO2>>8、1、3－丁烯－2－醇取溴化氢做用大概死成那些产品？试注释之。解：反响产品以及反响机理以下：CH2=CHCHCH3OHHBrCH2=CHCHCH3H+CH2=CHCHCH32+2CH2=CHCHCH3+CH2CH=CHCH3+Br-Br-CH2=CHCHCH3BrBrCH2CH=CHCH3CH2=CHCHCH3Br+2、2－丁烯－1－醇取溴化氢做用大概死成那些产品？试注释之。解：反响产品以及反响机理以下：HOCH2CH=CHCH3HBrBrCH2CH=CHCH3+CH2=CHCHCH3OHHOCH2CH=CHCH3H+H2O+CH2CH=CHCH32C

5、H2CH=CHCH3+CH2=CHCHCH3+Br-Br-BrCH2CH=CHCH3CH2=CHCHCH3OH9、反响过程注释以下反响现实。解：反响过程以下：1.%(CH3)3CCH=CH2+(CH3)2CHC=CH23+(CH3)2C=(CH3)2(CH3)3CCHCH3H3PO4H+(CH3)3CCHCH3(CH3)3CCHCH3OH+H+(CH3)3CCH=CH2CH3CH33CHCH3+CH3CCH3CH3CHCH3++(CH3)2CHC=CH2CH3+(CH3)2C=(CH3)22.CH2OHH+CH2++CH2OHH+CH2OH2+HOCH2+2+++H+CH2H+CH3+

6、H+10、用得当的格利俗试剂以及无关醛酮开成以下醇（各写出两种没有同的搭配）。1．2－戊醇CH3CHO+CH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CHCH2CH2CH3HO.H+CH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3MgBr+OCHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH2CH3HO.H+CH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2MgBr+CH3COCH3CH3CH3CH2CCH3OMgBrH2O,H+CH3CH3CH2CCH3CH3MgBr+CH3COCH2CH3CH3CH3CH2CCH3OMgBrH2O,H+CH3CH3CH2CCH3CHCH2CH3OMgBrMgBr+OCHCH2CH33+C

7、HCH2CH3CHO+CH3CH2CH2MgBrCHCH2CH33+CHCH2CH3OH4．2－苯基－2－丙醇+CH3COC6H5CCH3OMgBrCH3MgBrCH3+OHCCH3CH3MgBr+CH3COCH3CCH3OMgBrCH32+OHCCH3CH310一、开成题1．甲醇，2－丁醇开成2－甲基丁醇解：CH3CHCH2CH3OH3Cl252OCH3CHCHCH3CH3CHCH2CH3MgClCH3OH[O]CH2O+CH3CHCH2CH