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1、给排水专业外语Unit-16--Anaerobic-BiologicalTreatmentImportantWordsandExpressionsoxygen-freeadj.无氧气的undergovt.经受；遭受；忍受microorganismn.微生物consumevt.消耗,消费,耗尽biodegradableadj.可生物降解的sludgen.下水道的污泥anaerobicdigestion厌氧消化leftoveradj.剩下的，多余的initialstages初级阶段ammonian.氨hydrogenn.氢，氢气
2、carbondioxide二氧化碳methanogenn.产烷生物biogasn..生物气，沼气methanen.甲烷greenhousegas温室气体postulatevt.假定,假设controversyn.争议fossilfuel矿物燃料carbohydrate碳水化合物fat脂肪Usually,theanaerobicprocesstakesplaceinsealedtanks,locatedeitheraboveorbelowtheground.Thedigestionprocessbeginswithbacter
3、ialhydrolysisoftheinputmaterialstobreakdowninsolubleorganicpolymers,suchascarbonhydrates,andmakethemavailableforotherbacteria.Acidogenicbacteriathenconvertthesugarsandaminoacidsintocarbondioxide,hydrogen,ammoniaandorganicacids.通常，厌氧过程发生在密封罐，位于地面上方或下方。消化过程始于细菌水解输入材料
4、并分解不溶性有机聚合物,如糖类、并使其可用于其他细菌。然后，引起酸化的细菌将糖类和氨基酸转化为二氧化碳、氢气、氨和有机酸。Finally,methanogensconverttheseproductstomethaneandcarbondioxide.Themethanogenicarchaeapopulationsplayanindispensableroleinanaerobicwastewatertreatments(seeFigure16.1).最后，产甲烷菌将这些产物转化为甲烷和二氧化碳。产甲烷古菌种群在厌氧废水处
5、理中发挥着不可或缺的作用（见图16.1）。Therearefourkeybiologicalandchemicalstagesofanaerobicbiologicaltreatment:1.Hydrolysis2.Acidogenesis3.Acetogenesis4.MethanogenesisInmostcases,biomassismadeupoflargeorganicpolymers.Forthebacteriainanaerobicdigesterstoaccesstheenergypotentialofthe
6、material,thesechainsmustfirstbebrokendownintotheirsmallerconstituentparts.在厌氧生物处理的四个关键的生物和化学过程：1、水解；2、酸化；3、产乙酸；4、产甲烷在厌氧消化中，细菌接近物质（材料）的潜在能量，这些链首先必须被分解成更小的组成部分。Theseconstituentparts,ormonomers,suchassugars,arereadilyavailabletootherbacteria.Theprocessofbreakingthesec
7、hainsanddissolvingthesmallermoleculesintosolutioniscalledhydrolysis.Therefore,hydrolysisofthesehigh-molecular-weightpolymericcomponentsisthenecessaryfirststepinanaerobicdigestion.Throughhydrolysisthecomplexorganicmoleculesarebrokendownintosimplesugars,aminoacids,an
8、dfattyacids.单体，诸如糖的这些构成部分，对于其他细菌是很容易利用的。因此，这些高分子量的聚合成分的水解是厌氧消化中必要的第一步。通过水解，复杂的有机分子分解成简单的糖，氨基酸，脂肪酸。Acetateandhydrogenproducedinthefirststagescanbe
