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1、概要写作(说明文、应用文) 段意合并法第一步,通读全文,领略大意;第二步,小结每一段的大意;第三步,根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点,综合归纳全文的大意.对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。比如，可以概括如下“Thisarticle pointsoutthecommonphenomenon…”Remember:Donotrewritetheoriginalpiece.Keepyoursummaryshort.Useyourownwording.Refertothecentralandmainideasoftheoriginalp
2、iece.Readwithwho,what,when,where,whyandhowquestionsinmind.Donotputinyouropinionoftheissueortopicdiscussedintheoriginalpiece.Ourindustrialsocietyhasturnedusintospoiled(被宠坏的)children.Thiswastefulnesshasgottenusintothemessweareinnow.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,thenwe'llstarttotakec
3、areofwhatwehave.Butwhycan'tweactbeforethishappens?Whycan'twegobacktobeingasocietyinwhichthepreventionofwasteisavirtue?（要点3）Thiswastefulnesshasbroughtusgreattrouble.Whenwehavenoresourcesleft,whatshallwedo？sometimeago,industrialgoodsmadedurableandcostalotofmoney.（要点1）Butthisisno
4、tapreferableideatothemanufacturers.Theyadviseustothrowthemawayratherthanrepairthem,whichhascausedagreatwasteoftheworld’sresources,whichhascausedagreatwasteoftheworld’sresources,especiallytheexpensivepackagingmaterial.（要点2）Thiswastefulnesshasbroughtusgreattrouble.Whenwehavenore
5、sourcesleft,whatshallwedo？（要点3）写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1)删除细节。只保留主要观点。2)选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4)避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5)压缩长的句子。“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalled
6、lion-like.”可以概括为：”Hewasverybraveinbattle.”“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”可以概括为：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,ho
7、lidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”可以概括为：”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsa
8、ndbettertransportationservices.”7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“Shebroug
