最新宏观经济学课件PPT课件.ppt

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1、宏观经济学课件TheClassicalLong-RunModelEconomistssometimesdisagreewitheachotherActuallymuchmoreagreementexistsamongeconomiststhanthereappearstobeOncedistinctionbetweenlong-runandshort-runbecomesclearManyapparentdisagreementsamongmacroeconomistsdissolveIfnotimehorizonisspecified,h

2、owever,aneconomistislikelytofocusonhorizonheorshefeelsismostimportantSomethingaboutwhicheconomistssometimesdodisagree2TheClassicalLong-RunModelIdeally,wewouldlikeoureconomytodowellinbothlong-runandshort-runUnfortunately,thereisoftenatrade-offbetweenthesetwogoalsDoingbetter

3、inshort-runcanrequiresomesacrificeoflong-rungoals,andviceversaPolicesthatcanhelpussmoothouteconomicfluctuationsmayproveharmfultogrowthinthelong-runWhilepoliciesthatpromiseahighrateofgrowthmightrequireustoputupwithmoreseverefluctuationsinshort-run3AssumptionsoftheClassicalM

4、odelMarket-clearingassumptionprovideshintaboutwhyclassicalmodeldoesabetterjoboverlongertimeperiods(severalyearsormore)thanshorteronesWe’lluseclassicalmodeltoansweravarietyofimportantquestionsabouteconomyinlong-run,suchasHowistotalemploymentdetermined?Howmuchoutputwillwepro

5、duce?Whatroledoestotalspendingplayintheeconomy?Whathappenswhenthingschange?7HowMuchOutputWillWeProduce?Howcanwedisentanglewebofeconomicinteractionsweseearoundus?Decidewhichmarketormarketsbestsuittheproblembeinganalyzed,andIdentifybuyersandsellersIdentifytypeofenvironmentin

6、whichtheytradeButwhichmarketshouldwestartwith?LogicalstartismarketforresourcesLabor,landandnaturalresources,capitalandentrepreneurshipWe’llconcentrateourattentiononlaborOurquestionisHowmanyworkerswillbeemployedintheeconomy?8Figure1:TheLaborMarket9TheLaborMarketLaborsupplyc

7、urveslopesupwardBecause—aswagerateincreases—moreandmoreindividualsarebetteroffworkingthannotworkingThus,ariseinwagerateincreasesnumberofpeoplewhowanttowork—tosupplytheirlaborAswagerateincreaseseachfirmwillfindthat—tomaximizeprofit—itshouldemployfewerworkersthanbeforeWhenal

8、lfirmsbehavethiswaytogetherariseinwageratewilldecreasequantityoflabordemandedThisiswhyeco