最新人教版高中化学选修五(课件)4.1-油脂-(共52张PPT)教学讲义PPT.ppt

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1、人教版高中化学选修五(课件)4.1-油脂-(共52张PPT)油脂第一节一.油脂的组成和结构是由多种高级脂肪酸和甘油反应生成的酯,属于酯类。（俗称：甘油三酯）C、H、O油——常温呈液态脂肪——常温呈固态1.定义:3.组成:2.分类：脂肪（动物油脂固态）油（植物油脂液态）二、油脂的物理性质1．密度比水的密度小，为0.9～0.95g/cm3；2．有明显的油腻感；3．不溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂，是一种良好的有机溶剂；4．当高级脂肪酸中烯烃基多时大多为液态的油；当高级脂肪酸中烷烃基多时，大多为固态的脂肪。家里做汤放的油为什么浮在水面？衣服上的油渍为什么用水洗不掉，而用汽油可洗干净？讨论：三

2、.油脂的化学性质思考：1.油脂属于酯类，应具有什么性质？2.当分子中含有不饱和键时，油脂还应当具有什么性质？如何检验？3.若想将油变为脂肪仍作食物，应与什么物质通过什么反应得到？1、油脂的水解酸性条件下:C17H35COOCH+3H2O3C17H35COOH+CHOHCH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2H2SO4（硬脂酸甘油酯）（硬脂酸)（甘油）硬脂酸甘油酯+水硬脂酸+甘油可逆！C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35C

3、OOCH2C17H35COOCH2碱性条件下:皂化反应油脂在碱性条件下的水解反应肥皂的主要成分钠肥皂（硬肥皂）与钾肥皂（软肥皂）CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3N

4、aOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35CO

5、OCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOH

6、C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3N

7、aOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH3