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1、Pharmacologicaltreatmentofacute&chronicRhinitis急性和慢性鼻炎的药物治疗；RHINITISAninflammation&swellingofmucousmembraneofthenoseفيالمحاضرهركزعلىالادويهوهذيالمعلوماتالاكلينيكيهقراءهفقطSymptomsofRhinitisRunnynose,sneezing,itchynose/eyes&stuffinessاختناقPathogenesisofAlle
2、rgicRhinitisTreatmentofRhinitisمنهناابداالحفظوالتركيزNon-pharmacologicaltherapyAvoidanceofirritantsDusting/vacuumingكنس;washingofbedsheetsIntakeoffluidsRestSurgeryCont….Pharmacologicaltherapy1-Antihistamines(H1receptorantagonists)2--Adrenergicagonists3-Cortico
3、steroids4-Cromolynتستسخدمللوقايهفقط(لاتستخدمللحالاتالطارئه)5-Antibiotics(notrelievesymptomsofallergicrhinitis)AntihistaminesAgentsblocktheactionsofhistamineClassicalantihistamines=H1receptorantagonistsHistamineBiologicallyactiveaminefunctionsasneurotransmitter;
4、SynthesizedfromhistidineاسمحمضامينيDistributedinmastcells,basophils,neuronsofbrain,cellsofstomachHistaminereceptorsThreetypesH1-receptors=Smoothmuscles,endothelialcellsofbloodvessels&brainH2-receptors=Parietalcellsofstomach,heartmuslces,mastcells,brainH3-recept
5、ors(presynaptic)=brain,myentericالعضليهالمعويهplexusظفيرهالاعصابofGIT,otherneuronsEffectsofhistamineCVSHeartStimulation(H2)=dilatationofarterioles&precapillarysphinctersمفتاحالتحكم(عضلهتتحكمبحجمالوعاءاوالفتحه)SBP+DBP(heartrate;decreaseB.PGITAcidproduction(sti
6、mulationofH2)+intestinalsecretionContractionofsmmuscles(H1receptorstimulation)RespiratorytractهوالليعليهالعلمالباقيشكلالدكتورمتحمسBronchoconstriction(H1receptors)CNSRegulationofbodytemp.,effectsCVSsystem&sexualarousalاثاره,causesمسببpain&itchingbystimulationof
7、peripheralnerveendingsEffectsofhistamineThetripleالثلاثيهresponse:Intradermalinjectionofhistaminecausesacharacteristicredspot,edema,andflareتوهجresponse.Theeffectinvolvesseparatecelltypes:smoothmuscleinthemicrocirculation,capillaryorvascularendothelium,andsenso
8、rynerveendings.EffectsofhistamineAtthesiteofinjection;areddeningappearsduetodilatationofsmallvessels,followedsoonbyanedematouswhealانتفاخandirregularflaresurroundingthewheal
