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1、PermanentMemory,AcquisitionStage,TypesofMemory：永久的记忆，采集阶段，不同类型的记忆PermanentMemory:ConsistsofvariousrecordswithinformationandexperiencesinthemCUES:activateinformationEx:mother>info.onmombecomesactive-Priming:theabilityofacuetomakeassociatedinformationmoreavailableCapacity:unlimitedPermanentMemo
2、ryInformationisstoredasbothlanguageandvisualimageryNotword-for-wordmemory,butratherthe“gist”,thereforeyouhaveamemoryofmeaningoraconceptDuration:debated,somebelieveinformationispermanent,whileothersbelievethatinformationislostthroughaforgettingprocessSchemas:organizedconcepts,importantforcompr
3、ehension(readingintervention)AcquisitionStageMemoryformaterialisimprovedthemoreelaboratelyitisprocessed;themoreyouelaborate,themoreretrievalroutesyouhaveHowanitemisstudiedisimportant!!!!!-sheerrehearsalvs.depthofprocessing(addingmeaning,putawordintoasentence,acronym,…)Craik&Lockhart,1972Gener
4、ationEffectSlamecka&Graf,1978-memoryadvantageofmaterialthatsubjectsgenerateforthemselves-generativeprocessingenhancestheencodingofinformationrelatedtoS>Rassociations-familiarity,youprocessinfo.inameaningfulwayforyouAcquisitionStageMemoryforVisualInformationVisualMaterialisrememberedbetterthan
5、wordsVisualmemoryisdeterminedbytheabilitytoplaceameaningfulinterpretationonthepictureSTUDY:Boweretal.,1975-subjectsrememberedpictureswithlabelsordescriptionsbetterthanpicturesaloneTherefore,peopledonothavephotographicmemoryandcanrememberwhatevertheycanseeTherefore,boostverbalmemorybyattaching
6、visualimagestothematerialtobememorized-STUDY:2groupsstudiedpairsofwords(dog/bicycle)-groupwhostudiedwordsandvisualimage;betterrecallAcquisitionStageMemoryforSentencesPeoplerememberameaningfulinterpretationofasentenceratherthantheexactwordsWhenyoureadascholarlybook,yourememberthemeaningofthete
7、xt,nottheexactwordsAcquisitionStageKintsch’sPropositionalTheoryofTextMemory(1974)TheoryofmemoryofsentencesMeaningfulmemoryisstoredinmemoryrecordscalled:PROPOSITIONSPROPOSITION:smallestunitofknowledgethatcanstandasaseparateassertion;canderivea
