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1、最新LOSSOFBIODIVERSITYCAUSES&CONSEQUENCES生物多样性损失的原因及后果；-药学医学精品资料Inthepastfewdecades,Bahrainhaswitnessedmajoreconomic,socialandindustrialchangesaccompaniedwithseveralhuman-inducedstressescontributingtoenvironmentaldegradationsuchasreclamationanddredging,oilsp
2、ills,sewageandindustrialeffluents.2Notably,theincreasingrateoflandreclamationhascontributedsignificantlytothedeteriorationofmarineecosystems.3Presently,reclamationactivitieshaveresultedinadding>91km2representinganincreaseof12%ofthetotallandarea.7BahrainNationa
3、lLandUseStrategy2030recognizesreclamationasthemajoroptionforsecuringthefutureneedsforland,indicatingthatcoastalenvironmentwillcontinuetobethemajorfocusfordevelopmentalprojectsinthecomingfuture.8BahrainNationalLand UseStrategy20309EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(
4、EIA)inBahrainwasformallyintroducedin1998asatooltobringenvironmentalconcernsintotheBahrainidecision-makingprocess.However,itneglectscumulativeimpactsandprojectalternatives,andlacksprovisionsforStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA).10Impactsofreclamationonmarine
5、environmentThemassivereclamationanddredgingactivitiesinthemarineenvironmentofBahrainaredirectlyandindirectlyaffectingseagrassbedsandtheirassociatedbiota.Reclamationmayresultindisappearanceofseagrassbedsfromcoastalareasmainlyduetophysicalremoval,burial,andthein
6、creaseinturbiditylevels11ImpactsofreclamationonmarineenvironmentForinstance,alossof10.2km2ofseagrassbedsontheeastcoastofBahrainwasdetectedbyremotesensingimagerybetweentheperiodof1985and1992(Zainaletal.,1993)Thislosswasmainlyattributedtodredgingandreclamationac
7、tivities.12ImpactsofreclamationonmarineenvironmentCoralsinBahrainliketherestintheArabianGulfhavebeenseverelyaffectedbyhumanimpacts,includingsedimentrunofffromdredgingandreclamationactivitiesandcoralbleachingevents.13ImpactsofreclamationonmarineenvironmentAloss
8、of2.2km2ofcoralswasrecordedinFashtAl-adhm(thelargestreefinBahrain)betweentheperiodof1985and1992asaresultofincreasingsedimentationandpollution(Zainaletal.,1993).Currently,aproposedn
