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1、最新Hydrogels-Home-UofUBiomedicalEngineering：水凝胶-家居-UU生物医学工程-药学医学精品资料BiocompatibilityinHemodialysisSignificantinteractionofbloodActivationofhumoralenzymaticpathwaysActivationofwhitebloodcellsandplateletsCuprophanemembranesProposeabiologicallyinspireddesign?8/3/20212Annu.Rev.Med.19
2、97.48:467–76Copyright©1997byAnnualReviewsInc.AllrightsreservedACUTERENALFAILURE:RoleofDialysisMembraneBiocompatibilityManuelPascual,MD,RitaD.Swinford,MD,1andNinaTolkoff-Rubin,MDTheRenalUnitandTransplantationUnitand1PediatricNephrologyDivision,MassachusettsGeneralHospitalandHarva
3、rdMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts02114HemodialysisMembranes:Interleukins,Biocompatibility,andMiddleMoleculesWALTERH.HORLDepartmentofMedicine,DivisionofNephrology,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,Austria.JAmSocNephrol13:S62–S71,20028/3/20213HydrogelsOneormorehighlyelectronegativeatom
4、swhichresultsinchargeasymmetryfavoringhydrogenbondingwithwater;Becauseoftheirhydrophilicnaturedrymaterialsabsorbwater;Bydefinition,watermustconstituteatleast10%ofthetotalweight(orvolume)foramaterialstobeahydrogel;Whenthecontentofwaterexceeds95%ofthetotalweight(orvolume),thehydro
5、gelissaidtobesuperabsorbant;8/3/20217Hydrogels:SwellingDegreeofswellingcanbequantifiedby:ratioofsamplevolumeintheswollenstatetovolumeinthedrystateweightdegreeofswelling:ratiooftheweightofswollensampletothatofthedrysample8/3/20218Hydrogels:Inachemicallycross-linkedhydrogel,alloft
6、hepolymerchainsareconnectedbycovalentbondstoformanetwork;and,thusCanbeviewedasoneonemoleculeoflargesizeorsupramacromolecules;Thethermodynamicallydrivenswellingforceiscounterbalancedbytheretractiveforceofthecrosslinkedstructure;Theuniquepropertyofthesegelsisthereabilitytomaintain
7、theiroriginalshapeduringandafterswelling;Twoforcesbecomeequalatsomepointandequilibriumisreached8/3/202198/3/202110XerogelsDriedhydrogelsUsuallyclearandswellinginwatertakesalongtime;Theswellingbehaviorisduetoslowdiffusionofwaterthroughthecompactpolymerchains;Ausefulpropertyincont
8、rolleddrugdelivery;8/3/202111Chitosan8/3/202112
