最新chapter18presentation教学讲义PPT.ppt

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1、chapter18presentationParametricandNonparametricTestsChapter18introducestwonon-parametrichypothesistestsusingthechi-squarestatistic:thechi-squaretestforgoodnessoffitandthechi-squaretestforindependence.2ParametricandNonparametricTests(cont.)Theterm"non-parametric"referstothefactthatthechi‑sq

2、uaretestsdonotrequireassumptionsaboutpopulationparametersnordotheytesthypothesesaboutpopulationparameters.Previousexamplesofhypothesistests,suchasthettestsandanalysisofvariance,areparametrictestsandtheydoincludeassumptionsaboutparametersandhypothesesaboutparameters.37TheChi-SquareTestforIn

3、dependenceThesecondchi-squaretest,thechi-squaretestforindependence,canbeusedandinterpretedintwodifferentways:1.Testinghypothesesabouttherelationshipbetweentwovariablesinapopulation,or2.Testinghypothesesaboutdifferencesbetweenproportionsfortwoormorepopulations.8TheChi-SquareTestforIndepende

4、nce(cont.)Althoughthetwoversionsofthetestforindependenceappeartobedifferent,theyareequivalentandtheyareinterchangeable.Thefirstversionofthetestemphasizestherelationshipbetweenchi-squareandacorrelation,becausebothproceduresexaminetherelationshipbetweentwovariables.9TheChi-SquareTestforIndep

5、endence(cont.)Thesecondversionofthetestemphasizestherelationshipbetweenchi-squareandanindependent-measuresttest(orANOVA)becausebothtestsusedatafromtwo(ormore)samplestotesthypothesesaboutthedifferencebetweentwo(ormore)populations.10TheChi-SquareTestforIndependence(cont.)Thefirstversionofthe

6、chi-squaretestforindependenceviewsthedataasonesampleinwhicheachindividualisclassifiedontwodifferentvariables.Thedataareusuallypresentedinamatrixwiththecategoriesforonevariabledefiningtherowsandthecategoriesofthesecondvariabledefiningthecolumns.11TheChi-SquareTestforIndependence(cont.)Theda

7、ta,calledobservedfrequencies,simplyshowhowmanyindividualsfromthesampleareineachcellofthematrix.Thenullhypothesisforthisteststatesthatthereisnorelationshipbetweenthetwovariables;thatis,thetwovariablesareindependent.12TheChi-SquareTestforIndependence(cont.)These