最新3.2-Longinus教学讲义PPT.ppt

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1、3.2-Longinus3.2Longinus郎吉努斯(firstcenturyA.D.),OntheSublime《论崇高》3.2.1HisLifeLonginus’realidentityisdifficulttoestablish.Hisdateofbirthandnationaloriginremaincontroversial.ProbablyheisaGreektheorist.Theearliestmanuscriptincludesinthetitleoftheworkthename“Di

2、onysiusLonginus”.TheauthorcommonlyknownasLonginuscouldbeDionysiusofHalicarnassus,aprolificrhetoricianwholivedinRomeafter30B.C.,orCassiusLonginus,anAthenianrhetorician.Beforetheidentityoftheauthorisindisputablyestablished,thenameLonginuswillbeused.3.2.2Con

3、tributionsUnlikePlatoandAristotlewhofocusrespectivelyonthenatureandthecomponentsofcreativeworks,Longinusintroducestheconceptof“sublime”toliterarycriticismandbegantopayattentiontothebeautyandtheperceptionofliterature.Untilthelateseventeenthcentury,fewpeopl

4、econsideredLonginus’OntheSublimeimportantorhadeverreadit.Bytheeighteenthcentury,itssignificancewasrecognized,anditwasquotedanddebatedbymostpublicauthors.Forexample,AlexanderPope(1688-1744)enthusiasticallypraisesLonginusinhisEssayonCriticism:Whatisthesubli

5、me?Longinusdescribesthesublimeas“acertaindistinctionandexcellenceinexpression,andthatitisfromnoothersourcethanthisthatthegreatestpoetsandwritershavederivedtheireminenceandgainedanimmortalityofrenown.”(p.114)“…sublimityflashingforthattherightmomentscatters

6、everythingbeforeitlikeathunderbolt霹雳,andatoncedisplaysthepoweroftheoratorinallitsplenitude(丰富，大量).”(p.114)Howtoachievethesublime?Therearefiveelementsorsources,whichhelpcreateelevatedlanguage.Thefirstoftheseisaqualityoftheauthorratherthanofthepoem.Thesubli

7、meauthormusthavethe“powerofforminggreatconception”or“elevationofmind”.Sublimityisthe“echoofagreatsoul.”Thesecondqualityhedescribessimplyas“vehementandinspiredpassion.”Whetherthisisacharacteristicoftheauthororofthepoemorofbothhedoesnotmakeclear.Theotherthr

8、eecanbeconsideredfeaturesofthepoem:theappropriateformationoffiguresofspeech;noblediction;anddignifiedandelevatedcomposition布局谋篇(pp.118-121).Howtoevaluateandrecognizethesublime?Onecannotaccuratelyjudgealiterarywork,h