【亲自手工整理】川大生科院考研-普通生物学(林宏辉版)名词解释.docx

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1、普通生物学（林宏辉版）名词解释1.Chromatin染色质2.ribozyme核酶3.α-helixα-螺旋4.β-sheetβ-折叠5.subunit亚基6.prokaryoticcell原核细胞7.eukaryoticcell真核细胞8.plasmid质粒9.plasmamembrane细胞质膜10.passivetransport被动运输11.activetransport主动运输12.simplediffusion简单扩散13.plasmolysis质壁分离14.facilitateddiffusion易化扩散15.co-transport协同运输16.endocytosis胞吞

2、作用17.exocytosis胞吐作用18.plasmodesma胞间连丝19.smooth/roughER光面/糙面内质网20.lysosome溶酶体21.photosynthesis光合作用22.mitochondrion线粒体23.cellularrespiration细胞呼吸24.ribosome核糖体25.cytoskeleton细胞骨架26.histone组蛋白27.celljunction细胞连接28.amitosis/mitosis无丝/有丝分裂29.meiosis减数分裂30.cellcycle细胞周期31.checkpoint检验点32.celldifferentia

3、tion细胞分化33.totipotency细胞全能性34.totipotentcell全能性细胞35.stemcell干细胞36.oncogene癌基因37.HayflicklimitationHayflick界限38.telomere端粒39.apoptosis细胞凋亡40.necrosis细胞坏死41.contractilering收缩环1.homologouschromosome同源染色体2.synapsis联会3.MPF成熟促进因子4.Cyclin细胞周期蛋白5.Tumorsuppressorgene肿瘤抑制基因6.Segregation分离7.Dominant/recessi

4、vecharacter显性/隐形性状8.Recombination重组9.Allele等位基因10.Incompletedominance不完全显性11.Codominance共显性12.Mosaicdominance嵌镶显性13.Epistaticeffect上位作用14.Linkagemap基因连锁图15.Dosagecompensationeffect计量补偿效应16.regulatorygene调节基因17.Promotor启动子18.Operator操纵基因19.Splitgene断裂基因20.exon外显子21.intron内含子22.enhancer增强子23.termin

5、ator终止子24.insutator绝缘子25.overlappinggene重叠基因26.centraldogma中心法则27.reversetranscription反转录28.semiconservativereplication半保留复制29.DNApolymeraseDNA聚合酶30.transcription转录31.templatestrand模板链32.codingstrand编码链33.degeneracy简并性34.wobblehypothesis摆动假说35.operon操纵子36.repressor阻遏蛋白37.anttenuation弱化作用38.antise

6、nceRNA反义RNA39.RNAinterferenceRNA干扰40.site-specificrecombination位点专一性重组41.intergrativerecombination整合式重组42.transposon转座子43.genomics基因组学44.proteomics蛋白质组学1.mutation突变2.terminaldeficiency顶端缺失3.interstitialdeficiency中间缺失4.duplication重复5.inversion倒位6.translocation易位7.spontaneousmutation自发突变8.inducedmu

7、tation诱发突变9.base-pairsubstitution碱基替换10.frameshiftmutation移码突变11.deletionmutation缺失突变12.missensemutation错意突变13.nonsensemutation无义突变14.neutralmutation中性突变15.silentmutation沉默突变16.spontaneouslesion自发损伤17.dynamicmutation动态