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1、RefugeeandMigrationPolicyintheEuropeanUnion:towardsanewapproch?CiceroFoundation,Paris18-19November2004NewtrendswithinOECDcountriestoencouragetheinternationalmigrationofhighlyskilledworkers:overviewandchallengesJean-ChristopheDumontOECDPurposeandScopeThispresentationaimsatrevie
2、wingtherecentchangesintheinternationalmobilityofthehighlyskilledfocusingontheroleandlimitsofmigrationpoliciesinOECDcountries.ThefirstpartwilldescribehowmostOECDcountrieshaverecentlyadaptedtheirimmigrationpoliciestofacilitatetherecruitmentofhighlyskilledforeignworkersThesecondp
3、artwillpresentthemainlimitsofthesepoliciesTheconclusionwilladdressbrieflythepotentialimpactsondevelopingcountriesOECDDirectorateforEmploymentLabourandSocialAffairs,DELSAEconomiccontextandpolicyresponsesInthelate90’semployersreportedlabourshortages…inhighlyskilledoccupations……a
4、swellasforsemiandlowskilledjobsLabourshortageshadmanycausesincluding(i)economicboom,(ii)rapidtechnologicalchanges,(iii)mismatchbetweensupplyanddemandoflabour,(iv)lackoflabourmobility,(v)structuralrigiditiesinthelabourmarketand(v)overestimationoftheneeds.MostOECDcountriesrespon
5、ded,interalia,byadaptingtheirmigrationpolicytofacilitatetherecruitmentofforeignqualifiedlabour……becauseshorttermsolutionswereneededandbecause“themorethebetter”OECDDirectorateforEmploymentLabourandSocialAffairs,DELSASelectiveemployment-relatedimmigrationpoliciesinOECDcountriesO
6、ECDcountriesfacedsimilarneedsforhighlyskilledworkers…butrespondedbydifferenttypesofpoliciessuchasDespiterecentchangesintheeconomicbusinesscycle,thesepolicieshavenotbeenchallengedsignificantlyAdaptingselectivemigrationpolicies(Canada,Australia)Introducingorreviewingspecificmigr
7、ationprograms(Germany,UK,USA,Norway)Creatinglabourshortageoccupationlists(UK,Australia,Ireland)Easinglabourrecruitment(France,Japan,Korea)andchangesofstatusCreatingspecialincentiveforrecruitinghighlyskilledworkersOECDDirectorateforEmploymentLabourandSocialAffairs,DELSAOECDDire
8、ctorateforEmploymentLabourandSocialAffairs,DELSAformerSoviet-