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1、__________________________________________________宾语从句一、宾语从句的种类和用法(一)语法意义1.宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。2.根据引导词的不同,宾语从句可分为三类:由that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,由if或whether引导的宾语从句。(二)重点运用1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实际的意义,在从句中不作任何成分,此时从句的成分齐全,句意明确,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:(1)陈述句充当宾语从句
2、时Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.(2)主句谓语动词为think,hope等表示“想,认为”等意义的动词时HethinksthathissonmayfailtheChineseexam.Ihopethatyouwilljoinustomorrow.____________________________________________________________________________________________________注意:(
3、否定转移)主句谓语动词是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等,主句的主语是第一人称且主句是一般现在时时,主句的否定一般要转移到从句中。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。如:Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute.Idon’tbelievethat’shisfault,isn’tit?(3)主句的谓语动词是“be+afraid等形容词”构成的复合谓语一般而言,这些形容词大都描述主语的心理活动或感情状态。that引导的从句说明产生这些情绪的原因。(s
4、orry,sure,glad,happy,angry,worry)I’mextremelysorrythatIhavelostyoubook.练习:1.Hesaid________shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
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5、MaryisveryhappyshecouldgotoShanghai.A.that B.where C.which D.what3.Theyaresuretheyhavetherighttoentertheoffice.A.that B.where C.which D.what2.由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。(1)由连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等引导,在宾语从句中充当某个成分,因此不能省略。Doyouknowwhowillteachus
6、thisterm?Didyouhearwhatshesaid?Idon’tknowwhosethefootballis?Couldyoutellmewhichbookisbetter?(2)由连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,因此不能省略。Wedidn’tknowwhenyouusuallygotoschool.________________________________________________________________________________________
7、____________CanyoutellmehowIgettothebusstation?Pleaseexplainwhyyouwerelateforclass.MikeaskedmehowIcoulddoitwithoutanyhelp.注意:1、how与某些形容词或副词构成的词组也可引导宾语从句,主要有howold,howlong,howfar,howmany/much,howoften等。Doyouknowhowmuchisthebag?2、可接连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语常用的有see,say,tell,ask,answer,k
8、now,decide,findout,