资源描述：
《美国文学课件(Emerson-and-Thoreau).ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、AmericanLiteratureLectureSixEmersonandThoreauRalph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882)BorninBoston,thesonofaUnitarian(一神教的)ministerwhowasamemberofanoldPuritanfamily.Afterhisfather’sdeath,hewasraisedbyhismotherandanaunt,MaryMoodyEmerson,azealouslypiouswomanwhoexpressedh
2、ersardonicallycriticalmindinastylehernephewadmiredandimitated.AtHarvardin1820hebegantokeepthevoluminousjournalsthathecontinuedthroughouthislife,andthatformedthebasisofmostofhisessaysandpoems.Aftergraduationin1821hetookoverhisbrother’sBostonschoolforyoungladies
3、,althoughwithsomemisgivingsWhenhemovedtoCanterburywithhisfamilyin1823heexpressedhisreliefatreturningtothenaturalbeautiesofthecountrysideinthepoem“Good-bye”.Hetaughtfortwomoreyears,thenenteredtheDivinitySchoolatHarvard,whereillhealthanddoubtsondogmasmadehimades
4、ultorystudent.AlthoughapprovedasacandidatefortheUnitarianministryin1826,hehadtogotoGeorgiaandFloridaforthewinterbecauseofapulmonarydisease.Hemarriedin1829,buthiswifediedin1831.Ayearlatercamethegreatturningpointinhislife;heresignedhispastorateoftheSecondChurcho
5、fBostonwherehehadbeenaneffectiveandpopularpreacher,becausehecouldnotconscientiouslyadministertheLord’sSupper.DuringatourofEurope(1832-33),hemetCarlyle,Wordsworth,andColeridge,throughwhomhebecameintimatelyassociatedwiththetranscendentalthoughtanditssourceswitht
6、heGermanidealism.OtherinfluencesonEmerson’slaterthinkingincludedhisownUnitarian-YankeebackgroundhisadmirationforPlatoandtheneo-PlatonismhisstudyofthesacredbocksoftheEasttheskepticismofMontaigne.OnhisreturntoBostonhedidsomepreaching,butturnedmoreandmoretolyceum
7、lecturing,forwhichhedrewmaterialsfromhisjournals.Hisaddresses,presentedinsuchseriesas“ThePhilosophyofHistory,”“HumanCulture,”“HumanLife,”and“ThePresentAge,”inturnfurnishedthebasisforhislateressays,whichareboundtogether,withoutformalunity,intosentencesthatconta
8、inthequintessenceofhisphilosophy.Amongtheseare“Self-Reliance”,“theOverSoul,”“Compensation,”“SpiritualLaws,”“Love,”and“Friendship.”In1835EmersonsettledinConcord,whichwasthereafterth
