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1、MargaretFullerHenryDavidThoreauSarahMargaretFuller(May23,1810–July19,1850),wasanAmericanjournalist,critic,andwomen’srightadvocateassociatedwiththeAmericantranscendentalismmovement.Shewasthefirstfull-timeAmericanfemalebookreviewerinjournalism.BiographicalIntroductionSarahMargaretFullerwasbo
2、rnonMay23,1810toMargaretCraneFullerandTimothyFullerinCambridgeport(nowpartofCambridge),Massachusetts.HerfatherwasaprominentlawyerandlateraCongressman.In1840,Fuller'sfriendshipwithEmersonandhercriticalessayswonherapositionaseditorofTheDial."ShewasthefirstwomanmemberandtheeditoroftheTranscen
3、dentalistClub.From1844till1846shewastheliterarycriticoftheNYTribune.Hercriticismwascourageousandhigh-principled.In1846,shestartedhertriptoEngland,ParisandItaly.Shemet,fellinlovewith,andmarriedGiovanniAngelo,MarquisOssoli.Theyhadachild.OnareturnjourneytoAmerica,sheperishedinashipwreck,withi
4、nsightofhernativeland.HerPrimaryWorks"TheGreatLawsuit:ManvsMen,WomanvsWomen,"(TheDialessay)1843《伟大的诉讼:男人与男人,女人与女人》SummerontheLakesin1843,1844《1843年的湖光夏日》WomanintheNineteenthCentury,1845《十九世纪的女性》PapersonLiteratureandArt,1846《论文学与艺术》HerMainIdeasFullerwasanadvocateofwomen‘srightsand,inparticu
5、lar,women’seducationandtherighttoemployment.Shealsoencouragedmanyotherreformsinsociety,includingprisonreformandtheemancipation（解放，释放）ofslavesintheUnitedStates.HenryDavidThoreau(July12,1817 –May6,1862)Americanessayist,poet,naturalist,philosopher,andleadingtranscendentalistHislifeBorninConco
6、rd,Massachusettsin1817GraduatedfromHarvard,butonlystayedathomeandhelpedfamilybusinessEmerson’struestdiscipleandfriends.In1845,hebegantotakeatwo-year-residenceatWaldenPond..Thoreauwasaprotesteraswell.Disapprovedofthegovernment’sconductoftheMexicanWarbyrefusingtopayhispolltax(人头税)(wassenttoj
7、ail1night).In1835,hecontractedTuberculosisandsufferedfromitafterwards.Hediedin1862andwasburiedinSleepyHollowCemetery（沉睡谷公墓）.LifeintheWoodsWaldenpresentedThoreau'sunusualinterestsinnatureandshowedhisindividualismwhichinheritedfromAmericanPuritanism.Thebookdescr
