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1、TOPIC:AmericanRomanticismIIOBJECTIVES:A)AmericanRomanticism B)Transcendentalism C)PrinciplesofEmersonianTranscendentalism D)RalphWaldoEmersonTopic1―AmericanRomanticism1.Thebackgroundknowledge1)thelate18thcentury,Thecore:inspiration,subjectivity,andtheprimacyoftheindividual.2)originate
2、dinGermany…reachedAmericaaroundtheyear1820.3)nationalexpansionandthediscoveryofadistinctiveAmericanvoice.2.ThedefinitionofAmericanRomanticismKeywords:Irving’sTheSketchBookWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.theimaginativeandemotionalqualityofliterature.freeexpressionofemotions,thepsychicstatesofth
3、echaracters.theindividualandthecommonman.thepastandtheexotic.Thedominantfigures:Emerson,Hawthorne,Melville,ThoreauandWhitman.Topic2―Transcendentalism1.Thebackgroundknowledge1)CalvinismCalvinismisthedoctrineofJohnCalvin（1509—64）,thegreatFrenchProtestanttheologianwhothenlivedinGeneva.It
4、isadoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonement（orsalvationofaselectedfew）throughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.2)AmericanPuritanismKeywords:AmericanPuritansacceptedastheirtheologicalfoundationtheCalvinisticdoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepra
5、vity,andsalvationofaselectedfewthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.Beingagroupofseriouslyreligiouspeople,theyhadastrongsenseofmissionandwereveryidealistic,fortheythoughttheywerethepeopleGodchoseandsenttotheNewWorldtopurifythebeliefsandpracticesoftheChurchofEngland,fromwhichtheyhadse
6、paratedthemselves,andbuiltinAmericaanewchurch.Ontheotherhand,theywereverypractical,forthestruggleofsurvivalintheNewWorldhadtaughtthemtoworkhardforprofitsandmaterialsuccess,whichtheybelievedwasasignofGod’sbenevolence.PuritansinAmericawerelivingaverydisciplinedandsimplestyleoflife,devoi
7、dofearthlyjoyandextravagancy,sotheyareoftencriticized.Butasaphilosophyoflifeandacultureheritage,AmericanPuritanismhasproducedaneverlastinginfluenceontheAmericanlife,andespeciallytheAmericanmind.2.ThedefinitionofTranscendentalismBackgroundknowledgeareactionagainst18th-centuryrationalis
8、manda
