资源描述：
《【2018年职称英语综合类阅读理解模拟题(3)】职称英语综合类.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、【2018年职称英语综合类阅读理解模拟题（3）】职称英语综合类PowersofSelf-suggestionMostsystemsofmedicinearebasedontheater.Withleeches,acupunctureneedles,vitaminpillsorwhateverstagepropisappropriateforthetimeandculture,thehealerartfullyevokesthepatient"spowersofself-suggestion,whichareresponsibleforwhateverhealing
2、mayour.Westernmedicineoperatesonadifferentplane.Foronething,ithasthemostimpressiveprops-expensivemedicines,elaborateritualsandmysterioushigh-techmachineswithawhite-gownedcasttooperatethem.Foranother,itevokesthepatient"sautosuggestivepowersallthemoreforcefullybypretendingtoignorethem.T
3、hismysteriousgiftofself-healingiscloakedwithananodynelabel,the"placeboeffect",andrecognizedonlyasanuisancelikelytoconfoundclinicaltrials.Buttheplacebo（Latinfor"Iwillplease"）anditsshadowytwinthenocebo（"Iwillharm"）aremuchmorethanmethodologicalproblems：theylieattheheartofeveryinteraction
4、betweendoctorandpatient.Howtheyworknooneknows.Butthebrainrulesthebodyinmanysubconsciousways,includingitscontrolofthebody"smajorhormonesanditssubtleinfluenceovertheimmunesystem.Soit"spossiblethat,inwaysyetunknown,expectationsabouthealthordiseasearesometimestranslatedintoabodilyreaction
5、thatfulfillsthem.Thepoweroftheseeffectsishardtooverstate.Aruleofthumbisthat30percentofpatientsintheplacebohalfofadrugtrial（i.e.thosewhounknowinglyreceiveadummypillinsteadoftherealthing）willexperienceanimprovementinsymptoms.Buttheproportionmaybemuchhigher.Justlikerealdrugs,placebopills
6、canproducestrongereffectsinlargerdoses.Patientswillreportgreaterreliefwhengivenalargerpill,ortwodummycapsulesinsteadofone.Doctors"expectationsalsocontributetotheawesomepoweroftheplaceboeffect.Inastudyoftoothextractions,patientsweregiveneitherapainkillerorshamdrugs.Somedentistswereassi
7、gnedtogiveeitherdrug,withoutknowingwhich,butotherdentistsknewtheywouldbegivingonlyshamdrugs.Thepatientswhosedentiststhoughttheyhadatleasta50-50chanceofgivingapainkillersufferedsignificantlylesspain.Presumably,doctorstransmittheirexpectationstothepatientthroughsubtlecues,oftenwithoutkn
8、owing
