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1、【2018年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题4】职称英语考试阅读理解TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,p
2、roducethesegoodsandservicesinpetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingunderpetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindi
3、vidualstomaximizetheirines,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpric
4、esriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofamodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyo
5、fferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaeconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisindividualareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gain
6、controlovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractanotherprivateindividual.thatsalewith1.InPara
7、.1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirines”means___.A.Americansneverfeelsatisfiedwiththeirines.B.Americanstendtooverstatetheamountoftheirines.C.Americanswanttohavetheirinesincreased.D.Americanswanttoincreasethepurch
