曾洵-pragmatics-Microsoft-PowerPoint-演示文稿.ppt

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1、ChapterSixPragmaticsContentsCaseStudyTwokindsofmeaningWhatisPragmatics?Micropragmatics--Reference;Deixis;--Anaphora;PresuppositionMacropragmatics--Speechacttheory--TheCooperativePrinciple--ThePolitenessPrinciple--RelevanceTheory生，容易；死，容易；生活，不容易。我爱你一万年。

2、男：你爱我吗？女：我爱钱。Weboughtherdogbiscuits.CaseStudy41.A:Areyougoingtotheseminar?B:It’sonphilosophy.2.A:Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?B:Coffeewouldkeepmeawake.3.A:我带的钱不够，今天买不了。B:那就下次再买吧。CaseStudyWhenadiplomatsaysyes,hemeans‘perhaps’;Whenhesaysperhaps,hemeans‘no’;Whe

3、nhesaysno,heisnotadiplomat.Whenaladysaysno,shemeans‘perhaps’;Whenshesaysperhaps,shemeans‘yes’;Whenshesaysyes,sheisnotalady.SentenceMeaningUtteranceMeaningItistheabstractcontext-independententitycalledsemanticproposition.Itistheliteralmeaningofasentence

4、.Itiscontext-dependent.Itistheproductofsentencemeaningandcontext.Therefore,itisricherthanthemeaningofthesentence.TwokindsofmeaningSentencemeaning:WhatdoesXmean?Utterancemeaning:WhatdoyoumeanbyX?Dog!Mybagisheavy.I’mhungry.8DefinitionofPragmaticsThestudy

5、oflanguageinuse.Thestudyofmeaningincontext.Thestudyofspeakers’meaning,utterancemeaning,&contextualmeaning.9Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudythemeaningofalinguisticform.Thedifference:whetherthefactorofcontextisconsidered.Ifititsnotconsidered,thestudyiscon

6、finedtosemantics.Ifitisconsidered,thestudyisbeingcarriedoutintheareaofpragmatics.Pragmatics=Meaning－SemanticsSemanticsandPragmaticsMicropragmaticsReference(指称/所指)Deixis（指示）Anaphora(回指)Presupposition(预设/前提)RefertoPages143-147.MacropragmaticsSpeechactthe

7、oryTheCooperativePrincipleThePolitenessPrincipleRelevanceTheory一名女子坐在公园的长椅上。长椅前面的草地上趴着一只狗。一名男子走了过来，在同一张长椅上坐下。他试图与那名女子搭讪：男：你的狗咬人吗？女：不咬。（男子俯身去抚摸那只狗。狗一口咬住他的手。）男：哎哟！喂！你刚才还说你的狗不咬人。女：我的狗是不咬人，但这可不是我的狗。13SpeechActTheory言语行为理论JohnAustin(1911-1960)HowtoDoThingsw

8、ithWords(1962)Speechacts:actionsperformedviautterances（如何以言行事）1.Igotupveryearlythismorning.2.Wearehavingaclassonlinguistics.3.I’msorryforbeinglate.4.Let’sgoandhaveadrink.1and2:constatives(述事话语/表述句)3and4:performatives(行事话语/施为句)14Constati