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1、Essay-WritingI.ElementsinanEssayVocabularySentencesParagraphPartsII.ProcessofWritingprewritingsearchforatopicgenerateideas2.OutliningSortoutthemeaningfulconnectionsamongyourideasandinformationandstarttoplanyouressay3.draftconstructionoftheessay4.Revise*Macrorevi
2、sionandmicrorevision5.EditandproofreadingTomakesureeveryword,phrase,andsentenceisclearandcorrectIII.TypesofEssays1.DescriptionPaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,object,orscene.2.NarrationGiveanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents.3.ExpositionProvidesinformation
3、,explainorexploresomething——processofmakingamachine——thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenomenon——theplanningofaproject——asolutiontoaproblem*mainlydealwithrelationshipsaswellasprocesses(cf.description→appearanceandfeelings;narration→eventsandexperiences)*beexplainedby
4、illustration,process,classification,anddivision,comparison,contrast,andanalysisoftheircausesandeffectsordefinition4.Argumentationthepurposeistoconvince(cf.exposition,toinform)Requirementstobemet:1)Adebatablepoint:e.g.Noiseisthemostharmfulofallenvironmentalpollut
5、ion.Part-timestudyishelpfulforyoungstudents;2)Sufficientevidence:Commonknowledge,specificexample,facts(notopinionsunlesstheopinionsareexpertandauthoritative;)statistics,andquotationsfromauthorities.3)Logicwaysofreasoning:Inductivereasoning（归纳）---fromfactstoagene
6、ralconclusion.Deductivereasoning（演绎）---fromgeneraltospecifice.g.Germancarsarewellbuilt.VolkswagensareGermancarsMyVolkswageniswellbuilt.ImportantConsiderations inEssay-writingUnderstandingthenatureandlengthofanassignment--whatkindofpaper--howlongisitexpectedtobeK
7、nowingyoursubjectfamiliarorunfamiliar(directorindirectexperiences;research)Knowingyourpurposeandaudience--3majorpurposes:toinform,persuade,entertain--instructor/adultaudience--fellowstudents--childrenDeterminingyourpointofview--first-personapproach--second-perso
8、napproach--third-personapproachUsingpeerreviewDoingpersonalreview1.Descriptionpaintingapictureofaperson,place,object,orscenedevelopthroughsensorydetailstheimpressions
