专升本英语语法与词汇讲义.docx

《专升本英语语法与词汇讲义.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、一、非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的几种特殊形式，它不能单独做谓语。非谓语动词的形式有：动词不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）、现代分词（doing）、过去分词（done）。（一）动词不定式1、结构：肯定形式todo否定形式nottodo例如：toreadthetextslowly2、主要语法功能：（1）做主语Toknowwhattodoiswisdom.ToknowhowtodoisskillItisdifficulttoknowoneself(2)做表语Thefirstandbestvictoryistoconquerself.(3)做宾语Wehop

2、etotalkwiththenativespeakers.有些及物动词常用不定式做宾语：afford/agree/arrange/begin/care/choose/claim/continue/decide/desire/determine/fail/forget/hate/hesitate/hope/intend/learn/like/long/manage/mean/offer/plan/prepare/pretend/promise/refuse/resolve/start/threaten/try/want(4)做定语：shewastheonly

3、onetolookafterthechildren(5)做状语：weshallbeveryhappytocooperatewithyouintheproject.(6)做宾语补足语：Pleaseremindmetotakemymedicinetomorrow.有些及物动词的复合宾语中的宾语补足语中不定式不带to:使役动词haveletmakeplease;感官动词feelhearlistentolookatnoticeobserveseewatch（7）做主语补足语：someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.3、不定式的时态（1）一

4、般式：表示与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或是在其后发生。Ihavesomenewstotellyou(2)进行式：与谓语动词的动作是同时发生，而且正在进行着。Hewanttobedressing(3)完成时：表示动作发生在谓语之前Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting（二）动名词1、结构：doingreadingthebookquickly2、语法功能：（1）做主语：SayingiseasierthandoingItisnouseaskingheradvice.(2)做表语：thebestpolicyisbeinghonest(3)做定语：r

5、eadingmaterial(4)做动词宾语：Ienjoyseeingyouandtalkingaboutoldtimes.用作动名词做宾语的及物动词：admitsuggestdislikeappreciatecompleteconsiderdelaydenyenjoyescapefinishforgiveimaginekeepmindmisspermitpostponepracticepreventproposerequirerisksuggestcan’thelpgiveupkeeponputoff.(5)做介词宾语：Keeponlearningasl

6、ongasyoulive.3、动名词时态（1）一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或在其后发生Iamthinkingofgettinganewdictionary.(2)完成式在谓语动词之前发生Iregrethavingtoldherthenews.（三）现在分词1、结构：doing.2、语法功能：（1）做定语lifeisanexcitingbusiness.(2)做状语hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforBeijing.(3)做表语thefilmisverymovingandinstructive.(4)做宾语补足语Isa

7、whimenteringtheroom(比较：Isawhimentertheroom)(四)过去分词1、结构：规则动词的过去式、过去分词“动词原形ed”；不规则动词没有统一的规则。2、语法功能：（1）做定语：Awatchedpotneverboiled.(2)做状语：Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.(3)做表语：Iamconvincedofhishonesty.(4)做宾语补足语（五）分词的独立结构1、结构：逻辑主语+分词，逻辑主语可以是分词的执行者，也可以是承受者。Weatherpermitting,wes

8、hallgothereonfoot.Thisdone,wewent