Eternal Inflation and Sinks in the Landscape Andrei Linde[永恒的通货膨胀和汇景观安德烈·林德](-37).ppt

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1、EternalInflationandSinksintheLandscapeAndreiLindeNewInflationVChaoticInflationEternalInflationHybridInflationInflationinstringtheoryKKLMMTbrane-anti-braneinflationRacetrackmodularinflationD3/D7braneinflationDBIinflation(non-minimalkineticterms)Initialconditionsforinflation:Inthesimplestc

2、haoticinflationmodel,eternalinflationbeginsatthePlanckdensity,ifthepotentialenergyisgreaterthanthekineticandgradientenergyinasmallestpossibledomainofaPlanckiansize.Inthemodelswhereinflationispossibleonlyatasmallenergydensity(newinflation,hybridinflation)theprobabilityofinflationisnotsupp

3、ressediftheuniverseisflatoropenbutcompact,e.g.likeatorus.A.L.1986ZeldovichandStarobinsky1984;A.L.2004RecentprobabilitymeasureproposedbyGibbonsandTurokdisfavorstheprobabilityofinflation.ItrequiresthatatthePlancktimethepotentialenergydensitymustbe12ordersofmagnitudesmallerthanthekineticene

4、rgy.Iamunawareofanyphysicalmechanismthatwouldenforcethisrequirement.Ageneralproblemwithanymeasureonasetofclassicaltrajectoriesisthatitcannotdescribethetransitionfromtheinitialquantumregimeatsuper-Planckiandensities,soitcandescribeanythingbut…initialconditions.Inthestringlandscapescenario

5、,withmanydSvacuastabilizedbyKKLTmechanism,oneeitherdirectlyrollsdowntothestatewherelifeofourtypeisimpossible(AdS,10DMinkowskispace),orentersthestateofeternalinflation.Thisessentiallyeliminatestheproblemofinitialconditions,replacingitbytheproblemoftheprobabilitymeasureforeternalinflation.

6、Let101000flowersblossom<0=0>0PredictionsofInflation:1)Theuniverseshouldbehomogeneous,isotropicandflat,=1+O(10-4)[Observations:theuniverseishomogeneous,isotropicandflat,=1+O(10-2)Inflationaryperturbationsshouldbegaussianandadiabatic,withflatspectrum,ns=1+O(10-1)Observations

7、:perturbationsaregaussianandadiabatic,withflatspectrum,ns=1+O(10-2)Anyalternatives?1)Pre-bigbangandekpyrotic/cyclicscenarioLotsofproblems.Itisdifficulttosaywhatthesemodelsactuallypredictsincetheyinvolveatransitionthroughthesingularity.2)StringgascosmologyDoesnotsolveflatn