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ID:6124287
大小:440.50 KB
页数:12页
时间:2018-01-03
《戴炜栋《简明语言学教程》配套笔记_自己整理版》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、Chapter1IntroductionWhatislinguistics?什么是语言学[A]ThedefinitionoflinguisticsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage(对语言进行的科学研究)Processoflinguisticstudy:①Certainlinguisticfactsareobserved,generalizationareformed;②Hypothesesareformulated;③Hypothesesaretestedbyfurtherob
2、servations;④Alinguistictheoryisconstructed.[B]ThescopeoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics普通语言学:thestudyoflanguageasawhole从整体研究1.Phonetics:thegeneralstudyofthecharacteristicsofspeechsounds(orthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage)(Howspeechsoundsareproducedandclassified)2.Phonology:isessenti
3、allythedescriptionofthesystemsandpatternsofspeechsoundsinalanguage.(Howsoundsformsystemsandfunctiontoconveymeaning)3.Morphology:thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwords(howmorphemesarecombinedtoformwords)4.Syntax:thestudyofthoserulesthatgovernthecombinationofwordstoform
4、permissiblesentences(howmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentences)5.Semantics:thestudyofmeaninginabstraction6.Pragmatics:thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseSociolinguistics:thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyPsycholinguistics:thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofthemindAp
5、pliedlinguistics:theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningAnthropologicallinguistics,neurologicallinguistics;mathematicallinguistics;mathematicallinguistics;computationallinguistics[C]Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics①Prescriptivevs.Descriptiv
6、e规定性与描写性②Synchronicvs.Diachronic共时性与历时性(现代英语多研究共时性)Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintime;Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime.③Speechandwriting言语与文字Spokenlanguageisprimary,notthewritten④Langueandparole语言和言语ProposedbySwisslinguistsF.deSausse(sociological)Langue:referst
7、otheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity(指一个话语社团所有成员共有的语言系统)Parole:referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse(指语言在实际运用中的实现)⑤Competenceandperformance语言能力与语言运用ProposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomsky(psychological)Competence:theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhi
8、slanguage.(理
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