英汉互译实用教程 精简笔记.doc

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1、一翻译概论译者合格条件五条：1.外文水平高2.中文水平高3.知识面广4.政治觉悟较高5.熟悉基本的翻译技巧AbriefintroductiontothehistoryoftranslationinchinaTranslationinchinahasalonghistoryofabouttwothousandyears.Duringthecenturies,quiteanumberofworld-famoustranslatorsinChinaappearedoneafteranotherandtheymadegreatcontributionstoChinaaswellastothe

2、worldinthedevelopmentoftranslation.Seethefollowingfacts:1.TheEasternHan–theNorthernandSouthernDynasties(25—581)ChinainvitedforeignersortheforeignerscametoChinabythemselvestotranslateBuddhistScripture.AmongthemwereAnShigao（AnQing）fromPersia(nowIran),InduDharmarakchaandKumarajivaformIndia.2.TheSu

3、iDynasty(581—618)–theTangDynasty(618—907):GoldenAgeofTranslationinAncientChina.ThreegiantsintranslatingBuddhistScriptureappeared:1)XuanZang(theTangDynasty)2)Kumarajiva(theEasternJinDynasty)鸠摩罗什3)Paramatha(alsocalledGunarata)(N.&S.Dynasties)真谛（波罗末他）3.TheMingDynasty(1368—1644)XuGuangqi(徐光启),aChin

4、eseandM.Ricci,(利玛窦)anItaliancotranslatedEuclid’sElements(or:Euclid’sElementorum)4.TheQingDynasty(1644—1911)ThereweregreattranslatorslikeYanFuandLinShuLinShu:1Camille(or:LaDameauxCamelias)(《巴黎茶花女遗事》)2UncleTom’sCabin(《黑奴吁天录》)3DavidCopperfield(《块肉余生述》)YanFu:1EvolutionandEthicsandOtherEssaysbyT.H.H

5、uxley(《天演论》)2AnInquiryIntotheNatureandCauseoftheWealthofNationsbyA.Smith(《原富》)3OnLibertybyJ.S.Mill(《群己权界论》)4AHistoryofPoliticsbyE.Jenks(《社会通诠》)习题1.YanFu’s3-wordtranslationcriteriaarefaithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.（严氏三字真言）2.ThetwowordsusedasthecommoncriteriaoftranslationinChinatodayarefa

6、ithfulnessandsmoothness.3.Translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage,notonlyanartbutalsoascience.(whatismeantbytranslation?)4.KarlMarxwasfondofsaying:“Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.”5.Generallyspeaking,aqualifiedtranslatorshouldhav

7、efiveprerequisites：1agoodcommandofthesourcelanguage,2agoodcommandofthetargetlanguage,3awiderangeandscopeofknowledge,4ahighpoliticalconsciousness,5anecessaryknowledgeofbasictechniquesusedintranslation.6.Tome,thecriteriaoftranslatio