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1、EdwardT.HallEdwardTwitchellHall,Jr.(May16,1914–July20,2009)wasanAmericananthropologistandcross-culturalresearcher.HeisrememberedfordevelopingtheconceptofProxemics,adescriptionofhowpeoplebehaveandreactindifferenttypesofculturallydefinedpersonalspace.HallwasaninfluentialcolleagueofMars
2、hallMcLuhanandBuckminsterFuller.BiographyBorninWebsterGroves,Missouri,HalltaughtattheUniversityofDenver,Colorado,BenningtonCollegeinVermont,HarvardBusinessSchool,IllinoisInstituteofTechnology,NorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisandothers.Thefoundationforhislifelongresearchonculturalperce
3、ptionsofspacewaslaidduringWorldWarII,whenheservedintheU.S.ArmyinEuropeandthePhilippines.From1933through1937,HalllivedandworkedwiththeNavajoandtheHopionnativeAmericanreservationsinnorthwesternArizona,thesubjectofhisautobiographicalWestoftheThirties.HereceivedhisPh.D.fromColumbiaUniver
4、sityin1942andcontinuedwithfieldworkanddirectexperiencethroughoutEurope,theMiddleEast,andAsia.Duringthe1950sheworkedfortheUnitedStatesStateDepartment,attheForeignServiceInstitute(FSI),teachinginter-culturalcommunicationsskillstoforeignservicepersonnel,developedtheconceptof"Highcontext
5、culture"and"lowcontextculture",andwroteseveralpopularpracticalbooksondealingwithcross-culturalissues.Heisconsideredafoundingfatherofinterculturalcommunicationasanacademicareaofstudy.Throughouthiscareer,Hallintroducedanumberofnewconcepts,includingproxemics,polychronicandmonochronictim
6、e,andhighandlowcontextculture.Inhissecondbook,TheHiddenDimension,hedescribestheculturallyspecifictemporalandspatialdimensionsthatsurroundeachofus,suchasthephysicaldistancespeoplemaintainindifferentcontexts.InTheSilentLanguage(1959),Hallcoinedthetermpolychronictodescribetheabilitytoat
7、tendtomultipleeventssimultaneously,asopposedto"monochronic"individualsandcultureswhotendtohandleeventssequentially.In1976,hereleasedhisthirdbook,BeyondCulture,whichisnotableforhavingdevelopedtheideaofextensiontransference;thatis,thathumanity'srateofevolutionhasanddoesincreaseasaconse
8、quenceofitsc
