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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2012,38(10):1884−1890http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01884吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生理特性和物质生产的影响**张仁和郭东伟张兴华路海东刘建超李凤艳郝引川薛吉全西北农林科技大学农学院/农业部西北旱区玉米生物学与遗传育种国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌71
2、2100摘要:以玉米品种郑单958(抗旱性强)和陕单902(抗旱性弱)为材料,采用抗旱池栽控水试验,研究了2个品种叶片光合特性、保护酶活性以及干物质转运对吐丝期干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明,在吐丝期干旱胁迫下2个品种产量分别降低39.10%和44.87%;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先升后降。PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际量子产额(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭(qP)降低,非光化学猝灭(qN)升高;抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性先升高后降低,而丙二醛
3、(MDA)含量一直升高。吐丝期干旱胁迫增加了花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量(率)及其对籽粒转运的贡献率;但郑单958受干旱影响程度小于陕单902。抗旱品种郑单958具高抗氧化酶活性清除活性氧,使得膜脂过氧化程度轻,维持较高的光化学效率,延长叶片光合功能期,促进花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量对籽粒的贡献率。这可能是其在干旱胁迫下仍能获得较高产量的重要原因之一。关键词:玉米;干旱胁迫;生理特性;干物质积累与转运;籽粒产量EffectsofDroughtStressonPhysiologicalCharacteri
4、sticsandDryMatterProductioninMaizeSilkingStage*ZHANGRen-He,GUODong-Wei,ZHANGXing-Hua,LUHai-Dong,LIUJian-Chao,LIFeng-Yan,HAO*Yin-Chuan,andXUEJi-QuanCollegeofAgronomy,NorthwestA&FUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofBiologyandGeneticImprovementofMaizeinAridAreaofNorth
5、westRegion,MinistryofAgriculture,Yangling712100,ChinaAbstract:MaizecultivarsZhengdan958(drought-tolerance)andShaandan902(drought-sensitive)wereusedtodeterminetheresponsesofphotosynthetictraits,protectiveenzymeactivityanddrymatterproductionatsilkingstageto
6、indroughtpoolex-periment.Theresultsshowedthatunderdroughtstress,theyieldofdrought-tolerantmaizeZhengdan958reduced39.10percent’comparedwithcontrol,whiledrought-sensitivemaizeShaandan902reduced44.87percent.At15dafteranthesis,leafsnetpho-tosyntheticrate(Pn)a
7、ndstomatalconductance(Gs)decreasedsignificantly,whereasintercellularCO2concentration(Ci)firstde-creasedandthenincreasedunderdroughtstressinbothcultivars.Thequantumyield(ΦPSII),photochemicalquenching(qP)andnon-photochemicalquenching(qN)ofphotosystemIIdecre
8、asedunderdroughtstressinleavesofbothcultivars.Meanwhile,thesuperoxidedismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)activitiesfirstincreasedthendecreasedwhilemalondialdehyde(MDA)contentincreasedunderdroughtstressinboth
