英语习语讲解教学内容.ppt

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1、英语习语讲解狭义上：一种语言中长期以来习用的、表达完整意义的、结构定型的固定词组或短句。“习语、熟语、惯用法”I.英语习语的特征英语习语有两个特征：a.语义的统一性(semanticunity)习语是个固定的词组，在语义上是个不可分割的统一体，其整体的意义往往不能从组成习语的各个词汇意义中揣测出来。如：dosb.brown,doupbrown,showthewhitefeather,tohaveanaxetogrindFridayface,hardnames.undertheweatherb.结构的固定性(structuralstability)从结构上来看，习语也有本身的完整

2、性，其中各个组成部分是固定的，不可任意拆开或替换。如：onboard在船上ontheboard在会上讨论ontheboards登台做演员inthesameboatNoneofyoursauce!Diamondcutdiamond,crookcutcrook.Likecureslike.※totread/walkonair洋洋自得，飘飘然英语习语idioms与自由短语freephrase的区别自由短语(freephrase)可从其组成部分的字面意义来判定其释义。英语习语则不尽然。如：redtapes,coldwinter.redtape,coldcomfort.短语动词既可看作习

3、语，也可不作习语对待，视上下文而定。如：Hetookoffhisshoes.Hetookoffthecomediantoperfection.?Therearetendarkhorsesinthestable.Whatevertheoutcomeoftheelection,heisstilladarkhorse.II.英语习语的分类从语法功能和结构成份来看，习语可分为：一、动词性习语动词性习语(idiomsverbalinnature)以动词为中心与其他动词搭配使用，在句中起谓语作用。动词性习语有以下几种结构：1.动词+小品词(verb+particle)(1)动词+副词如：S

4、omepartsofthestorydidn’taddup.合乎情理Theofficialblunderedoutgovernmentsecretsagain.不慎泄漏，顺口说出(2)动词+介词如：a.Whyaretheyalwaysbitingateachother?朝…吼叫b.Shecutacrossourtalk.打断(3)动词+副词+介词如：a.TheproductsofJapanaregraduallyedgingthoseoftheUnitedStatesoutoftheEuropeanmarket.逐渐排除去b.Ithinkthatmanisjusthanging

5、outforabetteroffer.故意拖延以待2.动词+名词如：bideone’stime,blazethetrail,hangfirea.Whenthestoryofthebarber’sill-treatmentofhiswifegotwind,helefttown.泄漏，传播b.Itsslowservicegavetherestaurantabadname.使……名声不好c.Thepolicegavehimthecollarashewasleavingtheapartment.逮捕，抓获d.Hekilledtimebyreadinganewspaperwhilewai

6、tingforthebus.消磨时间3.动词+介词短语如：beataboutthebush,fallbythewaya.Heamuseshimselfbysettingotherpeoplebytheears.引起纷争，挑拨离间b.Hetooktheboytothestationandsethimonhisway.给某人指明路途c.Mymotherpackedsomefoodforthebeggarandgivinghimashilling,sethimonhisway.（给予帮助后）送某人上路4.动词+名词+介词短语如：burnthecandleatbothendscatch

7、aharewithatabor试图作几乎不可能做到的事Hespentallhislifeindroppingbucketsintoemptywells.5.动词+名词+介词如：makeshortworkof,makeacleanbreastofgetwindof,pickholesin6.动词+形容词如：goeasy,comeclean,sitprettya.Wehavesetapartaspecialsumofmoneyfornewequipment.b.Herbrightredhairs