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《2010届高考英语复习语法讲解——名词.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、名词考点分析研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择（0—1分）、短文改错（0—1分）、完形填空（2—4分）、语篇中的名词词义理解（0—1分）及单词拼写（0—1分）等。一、分类(Classification)A:专有名词(Propernouns)B:普通名词(Commonnouns)Countablenouns
2、(可数名词)Uncountablenouns(不可数名词)IndividualNouns（个体名词）CollectiveNouns（集体名词）AbstractNouns（抽象名词）MaterialNouns（物质名词）知识要点二、数(Number)A:Singularnumber(单数)B:Pluralnumber(复数)（1）一般的词，包括元音字母加y结尾的词，直接在词尾加－s（2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的词在词尾加－es（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加－es（4）以f或fe结尾的词，应变f或f
3、e为v再加-es1.规则名词单复数变化:2.不规则名词单复数变化:（1）单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改变字母：man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,saleswoman--saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,mouse--mice,phenom
4、enon–phenomena,basis--bases,analysis—analyses,thesis—theses,crisis—crises,bacterium--bacteria另：penny（pence或pennies）（3）增加字母:child--children,ox--oxen（4）以o结尾的词：加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco,kangroo加es:tomato,potato,hero,Negro,dingo另：zero,motto,vol
5、cano（s或es）（5）以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief另外：handkerchief（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）beef（beeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢骚）3.名词单复数的特殊情况:(1)集体名词只用作复数：police,cattle,people,poultry,theyouth(2)集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing,je
6、wellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes,trousers,jeans,glasses,compasses,scissors,goods,thanks,wi
7、shes,,troops,forces,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods(森林),works(工厂)(6)有没有s结尾意义不同：glass–glasses,cloth–clothes,work–works,sand–sands(沙滩),water–waters,(海江河水)wood–woods,good–goods,time–times(时代),paper–papers(论文),green–greens(青菜),custo
8、m–customs(海关),spirit–spirits(酒精,情绪),light–lights(灯),experience–experiences(经历),arm–arms(武器),iron–irons(镣铐,熨斗),compass(指南针)–compasses(圆规),(7)姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:theGreens；theC
