上外高级英文写作教程复习整理.doc

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1、写作填空题ExpositionØOnthebasisofcontrollingpurposewetraditionallydivideallproseintothreekinds:narration,description,andexposition.ØExpositioniswritingthatexplains.ØIfthewriterintendstotellushowsomethinglooks,tore-createthethinginwords,wemaycallitdescription.Anar

2、rativearrangesitsmaterialintime.Descriptionmostoftenorganizesinspace.ØExpositionorganizesitssubjectbylogic.ØWefindthatparagraphsofexpositioncontaintwodifferentkindsofstatements.Thefirst-ageneral,ratherabstractstatement-iscalledthetopicsentence.ØTheexpository

3、writer,therefore,usesthecommonmethodsoflogicandthinking:hedevelopshismaterialbyofferingexamplesasevidence,bycomparingandcontrasting,bymakinganalogies,byrestating,bygivingreasons,byclassifyinganddividinghissubject,byshowingcauseandeffect,bydefining,byarguingf

4、rompremisetoconclusion.DefinitionØDefinitionisinfactaformofexpositorywriting.ØAdefinitionistheefforttodistinguishanentityfromallotherthingsforthepurposeofbeingabletorecognizeitorinsomewaytounderstandit.ØMethodsofdefinition1.Analysis.Thetypeconsistsofplacinga

5、wordinalargeclasscalledthegenusandthendifferentiatingthewordfromothermembersofthatclass.Thismethod,asoldasAristotle,resultsinthedictionarykindofdefinition.2.Synthesis.Thisformofdefinitionrelatesthething-to-be-definedtosomethingalreadyfamiliartothereaderorlis

6、tener.Itoftenrevealsthething-to-be-definedaspartofsomelargerwhole.3.NegativeDefinition.Whichhelpstodefineathingbymakingclearwhatitisnot.4.Exemplification.Oftenappearingasanaidtodefinitionbyanalysisorbysynthesisisdefinitionbyexample.5.Synonyms.Almostasfamilia

7、rasdefinitionbyexampleisdefinitionbysynonyms.ØTypesofdefinition1.ConsensualDefinition2.StipulativeDefinition3.NormativeDefinitionJudgmentØJudgment,requiresthewritertolookatbothsidesofanissue,tofindoutwhatevidenceexistsandpresentitclearly,andfinallytodrawacon

8、clusion.ØInargumentpersuasionisthemainpurpose.Thewriterofargumentmustperforcetakesides,beattorneyeitherfortheplaintifforforthedefense.Thewriterofjudgmentismorelikeareferee.Hemustlistentowhatcanb

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《上外高级英文写作教程复习整理.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库

1、写作填空题ExpositionØOnthebasisofcontrollingpurposewetraditionallydivideallproseintothreekinds:narration,description,andexposition.ØExpositioniswritingthatexplains.ØIfthewriterintendstotellushowsomethinglooks,tore-createthethinginwords,wemaycallitdescription.Anar

2、rativearrangesitsmaterialintime.Descriptionmostoftenorganizesinspace.ØExpositionorganizesitssubjectbylogic.ØWefindthatparagraphsofexpositioncontaintwodifferentkindsofstatements.Thefirst-ageneral,ratherabstractstatement-iscalledthetopicsentence.ØTheexpository

3、writer,therefore,usesthecommonmethodsoflogicandthinking:hedevelopshismaterialbyofferingexamplesasevidence,bycomparingandcontrasting,bymakinganalogies,byrestating,bygivingreasons,byclassifyinganddividinghissubject,byshowingcauseandeffect,bydefining,byarguingf

4、rompremisetoconclusion.DefinitionØDefinitionisinfactaformofexpositorywriting.ØAdefinitionistheefforttodistinguishanentityfromallotherthingsforthepurposeofbeingabletorecognizeitorinsomewaytounderstandit.ØMethodsofdefinition1.Analysis.Thetypeconsistsofplacinga

5、wordinalargeclasscalledthegenusandthendifferentiatingthewordfromothermembersofthatclass.Thismethod,asoldasAristotle,resultsinthedictionarykindofdefinition.2.Synthesis.Thisformofdefinitionrelatesthething-to-be-definedtosomethingalreadyfamiliartothereaderorlis

6、tener.Itoftenrevealsthething-to-be-definedaspartofsomelargerwhole.3.NegativeDefinition.Whichhelpstodefineathingbymakingclearwhatitisnot.4.Exemplification.Oftenappearingasanaidtodefinitionbyanalysisorbysynthesisisdefinitionbyexample.5.Synonyms.Almostasfamilia

7、rasdefinitionbyexampleisdefinitionbysynonyms.ØTypesofdefinition1.ConsensualDefinition2.StipulativeDefinition3.NormativeDefinitionJudgmentØJudgment,requiresthewritertolookatbothsidesofanissue,tofindoutwhatevidenceexistsandpresentitclearly,andfinallytodrawacon

8、clusion.ØInargumentpersuasionisthemainpurpose.Thewriterofargumentmustperforcetakesides,beattorneyeitherfortheplaintifforforthedefense.Thewriterofjudgmentismorelikeareferee.Hemustlistentowhatcanb

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