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1、GrammarInfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of+名词或代词宾格”构成。主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing作主语Toknowsometh
2、ingaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.做那种事真是愚蠢.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.=Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.比较:Walkingaftersupperishelpful.Towalkinthestreetthiseveningwillbenice.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。作表语e.gMytaskistokeepourclassr
3、oomclean.眼见为实:ToSeeistobelieveSeeingisbelieving.你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。Allyouhavetodoisfinishthejobquickly.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob..Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.Ifounditinterestingtowork
4、withhim.[注]以下动词只能跟不定式做宾语:afford,agree,ask,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,wish,attempt不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。不定式动词在介词but,except后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带t
5、o,否则要带to。例如:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.她只会哭了。Ihavenochoicebuttogo.我不得不走。[注]作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?TherearealotofTVsetstochoosefrom.(有许多电视可供挑选择)Wefoundahousetolivein.(我们找到了一所房子住)Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.无什么可担心的。Pl
6、easegivemeaknifetocutwith.请给我把刀子来切东西。注①:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。Shehasagreatwishtotravelaroundtheword.Hemustkeepthepromisetopaywithinamon
7、th.一些要求不定式做宾语的动词转化为名词后,仍可带不定式做定语.如:agreement,attempt,decision,promise,wish,planBettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth.TheeasiestwaytolearnEnglishisstayingatanEnglishfamily.名词前有序数词,最高级或next,only等修饰时.注2注3作状语目的状语:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.原因状语:Theyjum
8、pedwithjoytohearthenews.方式状语:Heraisedhishandasiftotakeoffhishat.不定式修饰作表语或宾补的形容词:Theythoughtyouunwillingtotellthetruth.Iamverygladtohearit.结果状语:I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.不定式作结果状语的常用结构:so+adj./adv.+astodo…如此…以致于…such+adj.+n.+astodo…如此…以