专业英语翻译.ppt

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1、Chapter1GeneralPrinciples1.1WhatisTranslation?Itcanberoughlydefinedasareproductionorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.Asaverycomplicatedhumanactivity,itswholepictureisnevereasytodescribe.Scholarswithdifferentacademicbackgroundshaveattemptedtodefineitfromvariouspers

2、pective.1.1.1LinguisticViewsonTranslationTranslationtheoristsfromthelinguisticschoolconceiveoftranslationasalinguisticactivityandsomebelievethattranslationtheoryisabranchoflinguistics,approachingissuesoftranslatingprimarilyfromtheviewpointofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweensourceandtargettexts.

3、●Translationmaybedefinedasthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(thesourcelanguage)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(thetargetlanguage)(Catford1965).●Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmean

4、ingandsecondlyintermsofstyle(Nida&Taber1969).●Translationtheoryderivesfromcomparativelinguistics,andwithinlinguistics,itismainlyanaspectofsemantics;allquestionsofsemanticsrelatetotranslationtheory(Newmark1928/1988).1.1.2CulturalViewsonTranslationIntheculturalapproach,translationisregardednoto

5、nlyasatransferoflinguisticsigns,butalsoasacommunicationofcultures,i.e.translationisan“interculturalcommunication”;hencethetermsof“interculturalcooperation”,“acculturation”,and“transculturation”.●Translationisaprocesswhichoccursbetweenculturesratherthansimplybetweenlanguages(Shuttleworth&Cowie

6、1997).●Fortrulysuccessfultranslating,biculturalismisevenmoreimportantthanbilingualism,sincewordsonlyhavemeaningsintermsoftheculturesinwhichtheyfunction(Nida2001).●翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自己民族的文化。不仅如此，还要不断地把两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们会说：他

7、必须掌握两种语言；确实如此，但是不了解语言当中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言（王佐良1989）。1.1.3LiteraryViewsonTranslationTranslatorswhoholdthisviewbelievethattranslationisanartisticrecreationorarecreatedart.SomemodernWesternscholarsfromtheliteraryschooltakeliterarytranslationtobe“th