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1、清华大学有机化学李艳梅课件全ContentPartIOrganiccompoundsandorganicchemistry------History第一部分有机化合物与有机化学－－历史简介PartIIFundamentalKnowledge第二部分基础知识●Structure,reaction&Classification●Formulas●Nomenclature●NMR,IR,UV&MS1.Organiccompoundsandorganicchemistry第一部分有机化合物和有机化学1.1Introductionandabriefhistory有
2、机化学历史简介1.2Characteroforganiccompound有机化合物的特性1.3Researchfieldsinorganicchemistry有机化学研究领域1.4Themethodstostudyorganicchemistryandhowtolearnorganicchemistry有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程1.1Introductionandabriefhistory有机化学历史简介有机化学？有机化合物？Starch（淀粉）CmHnmvaluearound8Gasoline（汽油）SalicylicacidAcetyls
3、alicylicacid乙酰水杨酸（阿斯匹林）FormalinaqueoussolutionofformaldehydeOrganicChemistryintheHistoryTomakehumanbodyintoamummy,formalinwasoftenemployedinancientEgypt.甲醛古埃及人利用有机化合物处理尸体WinewasinventedbeforeXiadynasty.ByZhoudynasty,winehasbecomeveryimportantinsacrificeevents.制酒«周礼»Vinegarproduct
4、ionhasalreadybecomeanexpecttechnologybyZhoudynasty.制醋DyeinghasbecomeamimportantindustrybeforeZhoudynasty.染色茜草ThedemiseofvitalismInancientages,mixturesoforganiccompoundswereabstractedfromnaturalproducts.Chinesetraditionaldrug,dye,andperfumeareofthiskind.Bythe18thcentury,somepureor
5、ganiccompoundswereobtained.Turtricacidwasobtainedfromgrapejuice,citricacidwasabstractedfromlemonjuice,andureawaspurifiedfromurine.1828,preparationofureafrominorganiccompoundsindicatesthedemiseof“vitalism”.In1806,famouschemist,BerzeliusJ.firstusedtheword“organicchemistry”,andstate
6、s,organiccompoundscouldnotbeproducedwithout“vitalforce（生命力）”Thefactthatorganiccompoundscouldbeobtainedfrominorganiccompoundswithoutthehelpoforganismwasnotacceptedforalongtime.In1845aceticacidandin1854esterwereseparatelysynthesizedfrominorganiccompounds,indicatingthefinaldemiseofv
7、italism.兴趣阅读：Seeappendixfile0001:LetterbetweenWöhlerandhisadviser,Berzelius.Seeappendixfile0002:Wöhler’spaperonsynthesisofureaSeeappendixfile0003:Problemsandanswersontheureasyntheticpaper(fromYaleUniversity)氰酸铵Abriefhistory190020001800SynthesisofureaFriedrichWöhlerImportantevents
8、onorganicchemistry1828Synthesisofurea,in
