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1、淋巴系统与免疫OrganizationandFunctionsoftheLymphaticSystemInthelymphaticsystemthereare:Lymphaticfluid,lymph,thatcontainslymphocytesVesselsthattransportlymphAndsiteswherelargecontentsoflymphocytesareheld:lymphnodes,spleen,andthymus.FunctionsofthelymphaticsystemThelym
2、phsystemhasthreemajorfunctions:1.FluidBalance.Circulatingbloodreleaseabout30Loffluidintointerstitialspaceeachday.Ofthe27Larereturnedtothecirculation.Theremaining3Lwillenterthelymphaticsystemaslymph.Thelymphpassesthroughthelymphaticsystemandenterbacktotheblood
3、vessels.Inadditiontowater,lymphcontainssubstancesasinplasmaandsubstancesextractedfromcells.2.FatAbsorption.Fatsandothersubstancesareabsorbedfromthedigestivetractandcarriedthroughthelymphaticsystem.3.Defense.Immunesystem(lymphocytes,B-cells,T-cells)LymphaticVe
4、sselsLymphaticvesselsarespreadoutthroughoutthebodyexceptintheCNS(Fig22.1)Theyoriginatefromwithinlymphocyteproducingorgansandemptyintothethoracicduct.Theycontainmanylymphaticnodesandnodules.Likebloodvessels,theyhavesmallvesselscalledlymphaticcapillarieswhichla
5、yclosetothebloodcapillaries.Lymphsolublefluidwillbepickedupthroughthecapillariesandpushedbacktolargertruck.Theyevenhavevalvestocontroltheflowoflymphthroughverylowpressureoffluid.LymphaticOrgansDiffuselymphatictissueDispersedlymphocytes,macrophagesandothercell
6、s.Noclearboundaries.(Fig.22.2)LymphoidNodulesPackedwithlymphocytes.FlexibleinsizedependinguponthenumberoflymphocytesSpreadinlooseC.T.ofthedigestive,respiratoryandurinarysystems.LargerpatchesinintestinalsystemcallPeyer’spatches.Inlymphnodestheyarecalledfollicl
7、es,theretheycontainagerminalcenter,wherelymphocytesdivide.Thoughfilledwithlymphocytes,lymphoidnodulescouldbeinfected:tonsillitis,appendicitis.TonsilsLargegroupsoflymphnodulesanddiffuselymphatictissuelocatedintheoralcavity(Fig.22.3)Protectionagainstbacteria,et
8、c..Inthenoseandmouth.Threetypesoftonsils:pharyngeal,palatine,andlingualEnlargedpharyngealtonsiliscalledadenoid.LymphNodes(Fig.22.1andFig.22.4)Foundthroughoutthebodyexceptinthebrain.Theyar