lecture 4 基本构词方法

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1、Lecture4TheBasicMethodsofWord-FormationTheThreeBasicMethodsofWord-FormationDerivation派生法(加缀法)CompoundingorComposition复合法ConversionorFunctionShiftorTransmutation转化法DerivationRootisthebasisofDerivationAdddifferentaffixestothesameroottocreatedifferentwordswithdifferentpartsofspeech(seePp25

2、)e.g.LatinRootduc-conductreduceconductiveconductibleExtensionalSummary：DerivationDerivation:添加或减少构词词缀构成新词前缀法recite后缀法前后缀法in-cur-able去缀法（反序构词法）sea-bathingsun-bath中缀法黑不溜秋胡里胡涂gigi(印牙)gerigi（锯齿状的）ThePrefixeswithStrongProductivity(seePp27&DictionaryAppendix)re-pre-non-un-de-anti-TheSuffixeswith

3、StrongProductivity(seePp27&DictionaryAppendix)NounSuffixesAdjectivSuffixesVerbSuffixes-er-able-ise(ize)-ness-ish-ify-ese-less-ism-ic-ist-icsFeaturesofAffix(Prefix&Suffix)Thepolysemyofaffix多义性e.g.Prefix:de-(seePp26)♪离开，除掉dehydratedeorbit♪向下，降级devaluate♪使情况逆转decentralize♪完全的defunctSuffix:-er

4、(-or)(seePp26)♪做……的人workertailor♪卖……的人hatterglover♪做……的工具heatergeneratordiner♪住在……的人LondonerNewYorkerTheSameAffixbutwithDifferentChineseTranslation（seePp26）e.g.Suffix:-ismrelativismsophism诡辩学rheumatism风湿病activism行动主义euphemismwittism俏皮话methodism墨守成规fanaticism狂热tourismThesynonymityofaffix同义性

5、e.g.un-in-im-ir-il-dis-Usedwithadj.toindicatethenegativemeaninguntidyincorrectimpossibleillogicalirregulardishonestSomeDormantAffixesRetrieveItsVigorNow(seePp27)e.g.-wise就……而言；在……方面；相似于……education-wisetime-wiseweather-wisestatus-wisemoney-wisevote-wisecomfort-wisecaloriewisemenu-wisedrinkw

6、isepercentage-wisenewswisecrab-wisehammer-wisemachine-wisemonkey-wisesack-wisesailor-wisesleepwalker-wiseRelationbetweenRoots&AffixesMostsuffixeschangethepartofspeechofrootMostprefixesdon’taffectthepartofspeechanditsgrammaticalcategoryofroot,rathertheymodifyorlimitthesemanticmeaningofroota

7、sadj.&adv.(seePp28-9)TheThreePart-of-SpeechDecisivePrefixesen-(em-beforeb,p,m)en-+adj.=v.en-+n.=v.enable,enrich,enslave,empower,embodybe-be-+n.oradj.=v.be-+n.+ed=adj.befriend,belittle,benumb,becalm,benighteda-a-+v.orn.=adj.astray,afoot,astir,afire,asleepTheFe