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1、NaturePar1-3Content“nature”inAmericanLiteratureAppreciationoffamoussentencesLanguagefeaturesandrhetoricdevicesNaturespiritualrefugeInfact,inAmericanliterature,"nature"hasalwaysbeenanimportanttheme.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasbeenthecenterofatten
2、tionofmanyAmericanwriters.Owingtohistory,cultureandnaturalenvironment,Americanliteraturehasalongtraditionofdescribingnature,fromthecolonialperiodtotoday,andevenformedaspecial Americannaturalistliterature.naturespiritualrefuge(early17thc)theshadowofthespi
3、ritualworld(18thc)thebackgroundofpeople’sbehaviorandactivity(19thc)thesymbolofspirit(19thc)spiritualrefugespiritualrefuge(early17thc)spiritualrefugetheshadowofthespiritualworld(18thc)TheImagesandShadowsofDivineThingsspiritualrefugethebackgroundofpeople’s
4、behaviorandactivity(19thc)spiritualrefugethesymbolofspirit(19thc)Inenumeratingthevaluesofnatureandcastinguptheirsum,Ishallusethewordinbothsenses;--initscommonandinitsphilosophicalimport.Ininquiriessogeneralasourpresentone,theinaccuracyisnotmaterial;nocon
5、fusionofthoughtwilloccur.Nature,inthecommonsense,referstoessencesunchangedbyman;space,theair,theriver,theleaf.Artisappliedtothemixtureofhiswillwiththesamethings,asinahouse,acanal,astatue,apicture.—Introductionspiritualrefuge爱默生在《论自然》的导言中是这样界定“自然”的：“我将在两种
6、意义上使用‘自然’一词：既在估量本身的价值的意义上，也在描述自然的规模的意义上。——既在它的普通意义上也在它的哲学意义上。……在普通意义上，自然是指未被人改变其本质特征的事物，如空间、空气、河流、植物的叶子等等。而人工则是由人的意志与自然事物的汇合而成，这种合成表现为一座房子、一条运河、一尊雕塑、一幅图画等等。”thesymbolofspirit(19thc)spiritualrefuge爱默生的自然观爱默生心中和笔下的自然就不是单纯的自然景物的再现，而是有条件的、在一定范围内的、富有特色的自然景物和上
7、帝精神的象征。在这三位一体所构成的框架中，任何一方都不可缺少。因此，爱默生笔下的自然带有强烈的象征色彩和主观色彩。精神自然美spiritualrefugeTogointosolitude,amanneedstoretireasmuchfromhischamberasfromsociety.IamnotsolitarywhilstIreadandwrite,thoughnobodyiswithme.Butifamanwouldbealone,lethimlookatthestars.Theraysthat
8、comefromthoseheavenlyworlds,willseparatebetweenhimandwhathetouches.Onemightthinktheatmospherewasmadetransparentwiththisdesign,togiveman,intheheavenlybodies,theperpetualpresenceofthesublime.Solitude”独处，隐逸”retire“（书）遁世，远离”ch
