多恩布什宏观经济学第十版原版ppt复习进程.ppt

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1、多恩布什宏观经济学第十版原版pptWhatIsMacroeconomics?MacroeconomicsisthestudyofthebehavioroftheeconomyasawholeandthepolicymeasuresthatthegovernmentusestoinfluenceitUtilizesmeasuresincludingtotaloutput,ratesofunemploymentandinflation,andexchangeratesExaminestheeconomyintheshortandlongrunShortrun:moveme

2、ntsinthebusinesscycleLongrun:economicgrowthMacroeconomicsaggregatestheindividualmarketsvs.microeconomicsexaminesthebehaviorofindividualeconomicunitsandthedeterminationofpricesinindividualmarkets2MacroeconomicsInThreeModelsStudyofmacroeconomicsisgroundedinthreemodels,eachappropriateforap

3、articulartimeperiodVeryLongRunModel:domainofgrowththeoryfocusesongrowthoftheproductioncapacityoftheeconomyLongRunModel:asnapshotoftheverylongrunmodel,inwhichcapitalandtechnologyarelargelyfixedThegivenlevelofcapitalandtechnologydeterminethelevelofpotentialoutputOutputisfixed,butpricesde

4、terminedbychangesinADShortRunModel:businesscycletheoriesChangesinADdeterminehowmuchoftheproductivecapacityisusedandthelevelofoutputandunemploymentPricesarefixedinthisperiod,butoutputisvariable3VeryLongRunGrowthFigure1-1aillustratesgrowthofincomeperpersonintheU.S.overlastcenturygrowthof

5、2-3%peryearGrowththeoryexamineshowtheaccumulationofinputsandimprovementsintechnologyleadtoincreasedstandardsoflivingRateofsavingisasignificantdeterminantoffuturewellbeingandeconomicgrowth.[InsertFig.1-1here]4TheLongRunModelInthelongrun,theAScurveisverticalandpeggedatthepotentiallevelofo

6、utputOutputisdeterminedbythesupplysideoftheeconomyanditsproductivecapacityThepricelevelisdeterminedbythelevelofdemandrelativetotheproductivecapacityoftheeconomyConclusion:highratesofinflationarealwaysduetochangesinADinthelongrun[InsertFigure1-2here]5TheShortRunModelShortrunfluctuationsi

7、noutputarelargelyduetochangesinADTheAScurveisflatintheshortrunduetofixed/rigidprices,sochangesinoutputareduetochangesinADChangesinADintheshortrunconstitutephasesofthebusinesscycleIntheshortrun,ADdeterminesoutput,andthusunemployment[InsertFigure1-4here]6TheMediumRunHowdowegetfro