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1、一.名词I.名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名地名人名,团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词不可数名词量的表示语: (1)不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语,表示数的观念。其公式为: 数词+单位词+of+不可数名词 (2)各类表单位的形容词片语。 (A)物质名词:apiece(suit)ofarmourapiece(slice)ofcakeapiece(anarticle)offurnitureapieceofjewelry apiece(sheet)ofpaperacakeofsoa
2、papiece(slice)ofbaconapiece(stick)ofchalk abit(blade)ofgrassapiece(strip)oflandabit(grain)ofriceabowlofsoup (B)抽象名词 awordofabuseanitem(abit)ofbusinessanattackoffeverabit(anamount)ofinterest; afitofpassionapiece(word)ofadviceapieceofevidenceapiece(anitem)o
3、finformation apiece(anitem)ofnews; (C)自然现象:aflashoflightening; aboltofthunder;名词种类的表示语:kindof,sortof,typeof,三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词,其后的冠词a(an)常被省略。之前可加a,the,some,any,etc. Whatkindof(a)pencildidyoubuy? Ihadakindofsuspicionthathewascheating. Ilikethiskindofflower.
4、 Ilikeflowersofthiskind.(置名词后更强调种类) II.名词的数:1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves
5、,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加
6、-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8特殊变化mediummedia,childchildren,2
7、.不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class,family,
8、crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmeric