高中语法之句型讲解.docx

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1、高中英语知识结构图句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语㈠主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.WhathehassaidistrueThesunrisesintheeast.  （名词）           Heli

2、kesdancing.  （代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory. （数词）      Seeingisbelieving.   （动名词）      Toseeistobelieve.    （不定式）        Whatheneedsisabook. （主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftert

3、woorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing(三)宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.•Hegavemesomebooks.Pleasepassmethebook.Heboughtmesomeflowers.Ilikemyjob.Iloveyou.Hewantedtoleavehere.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.（四）定语：修饰或限制名词

4、或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.(形容词)•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.(名词)•Thereare54studentsinourclass.(数词)•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?(名词的所有格)•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.(动名词)•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.(现在分词)•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(过去分词)Imetafriendonmywayhome.(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo

5、.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（五）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschool

6、bybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Healwayscomeslatetoschool.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•Ifoundthebookint

7、eresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Pleasekeepthedogout.•Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→H