语义学初探ppt课件.ppt

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1、语义学初探------从传统语言学的角度看本次课的主要内容介绍几种传统的语义观词汇意义句子意义传统语义学有关词汇分析的方法1.Whatissemantics?SimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaningNoagreementamonglinguistsPhilosophers,psychologists,andsociologistsallclaimadeepinterestphilosophersareinterestedinunderstandingtherelationsbetweenlinguisticexpressionsandwhatt

2、heyrefertointherealworld,andinevaluatingthetruthvalueoflinguisticexpressions;psychologistsfocustheirinterestonunderstandingtheworkingsofthehumanmindthroughlanguage.2.Someviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning2.1thenamingtheory(命名论)thewords(orlinguisticforms,symbols)usedinalanguagearesimplylab

3、elsoftheobjectstheystandfor,therefore,wordsarejustnamesorlabelsforthings.Limitations:a.applicabletonounsonly;b.withinthecategoryofnouns,therearenounswhichdenotethingsthatdonotexistintherealworldatallsuchasghost,dragon,andalsonounsthatdonotrefertophysicalobjects,butabstractnotionssuchasj

4、oy,impulseetc.c.explanationofconceptDESK.2.2theconceptualistviewTHOUGHT/REFERENCE(concept)…………………………………………………………………..SYMBOL/FORM(word)REFERENT(thing)thereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto(i.e.,betweenlanguageandtherealworld);rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyare

5、linkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.Limitationthistheoryavoidsmanyoftheproblemsthenamingtheoryhasencountered,butitalsoraisesacompletelynewproblemofitsown.Forwhatispreciselythelinkbetweenthesymbolandtheconceptremainsunclarified.2.3contextualismBackground:Duringtheperiodroughlyfr

6、om1930to1960,linguistsgavepreeminencetotheempiricalorobservableaspectinsteadofthetheoreticalaspectintheirscientificinvestigationofmeaning.Thistendencymanifesteditselfinanattempttobasemeaningoncontext.Ithasattractedthoselinguistswhohavebeenworkingtowardtheidealofscientificobjectivity.The

7、yholdthatmeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofsituation,use,context–elementscloselylinkedwithlanguagebehavior.Thecontextualistviewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.Twokindsofcontextarerecognized:thesituationalcontextandthel