The-Government-and-Politics-of-Canada-加拿大-政治概况.ppt

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1、Unit16TheGovernmentandPoliticsofCanadaHistoricalBackgroundTwomajorforeigninfluences:BritainandtheUnitedStatesStrongprovincialgovernmentswerepersuadedtojoinintotheCanadian“confederation”underspecialfavors(e.g.BC)ProvincialGovernmentProvincialgovernmentope

2、ratesonthesamemodelasthefederalgovernmentatalowerlevel.Leader:Premier省总理LegislativeAssembly立法议会DifferencesfromBritainandAmericaFreedomofspeechandfreedomofinformationaremuchmorevaluedincontemporaryCanadathaninBritainWell-beingandlibertyofindividualssacrif

3、icesforthegreatergoodofthecommunity:gunsSlogans:America:aspireto“life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness”;Canada:foundanationbasedon“peace,orderandgoodgovernment”CentralconcernofCanadianpolicy-makers:findaworkablebalancebetweencommunityandindividualrightsRe

4、concilethetwocommunitiesofEnglish-speakingCanadaandFrench-speakingCanadaMostCanadianpoliticsisaboutfindingaconstitutionalarrangementtosatisfythedemandsofQuebecandtherestofCanada.StructuresofGovernment“Westminster-style”democracy:parliamentarydemocracyMon

5、archy:officialheadofstateistheQueen;theQueenisCanada’squeeninherownright;representativeoftheQueenisaGovernorGeneral;ceremonialpowerFederationTenprovincesandthreeterritoriesjoinedtoformonecountry,eachwiththeirowngovernment.Canadawasthefirstpoliticalcommun

6、itytocombinefederalismwithaBritishsystemofgovernment;laterappliedtootherareasintheBritishCommonwealth,notablyinAustralia,Malaysia,NigeriaandIndiaWhyBritishmodelispreferredtotheAmericanmodelChecksandbalancesStrength,orderandauthorityWeakVSStrongcentralgov

7、ernmentParliamentAlowerhouse:theHouseofCommons(300seats)(representativesarevotedbyeachelectoraldistrict)Anupperhouse:theSenate(notelected,recommendedbythePrimeMinister,appointedbytheGovernorGeneral)Electoraldistrictsarebasedonpopulationratherthangeograph

8、icsize,sotherearemoreMPsfromurbanareasandveryfewfromthesparselysettled,wilderregionsofCanada.AstheCanadianpopulationisconcentratedinOntarioandQuebec,thesetwoprovinceshavethemostseatsandthereforethemostpowerintheHouseofComm