英语国家概况V.-British-Education.ppt

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1、BritishEducationChapter6IntroductionThepurposeofBritisheducationsystemisnotonlytoprovidechildrenwithliteracy(“3R’s”:reading,(w)rtingandand(a)rithmetic)andtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsocietybutalsotosocializechildren.HistoryofEducationHistorically,

2、educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsweresetupbychurches.Theinfluenceofthechurchonschoolingisstrong:religiouseducationwastheonlysubjectwhichthestateinsistedallschoolsteachtheirpupils(othersubjectswereleftuptoschoolstodecideupon).Dailyprayersandsinginghymns(圣歌)isaregular

3、partofschoollife.HistoryofEducationBefore1870,only4o%ofchildrenunder10wenttoschoolregularly.Themainreceiversofamoreadvancededucationwerethesonsofthewealthy.In1870,alawwaspassedtocallforgovernment–fundededucation,involvinggovernmentintakingresponsibilitiesfortheeducationofc

4、hildren.HistoryofEducationBy1880,attendanceatschoolforchildrenbetween5and10wascompulsoryratherthanvoluntary.AndbytheendofWWItheschoolleavingagewasraisedto14todissuade(劝阻)childrenfromleavingschoolinordertoworktosupporttheirfamilies.HistoryofEducationIn1944,EducationActmadeC

5、hildrenadmittedtoschoolsnotbecauseoftheirsocialclassortheirparents’possession,butfortheabilitiestheydisplay.Themainconcernwastomakesuremorechildrenhadaccesstoagoodeducation.HistoryofEducationThroughanexamcalled“the11-plus”,thegovernmenttriedtoraisedthequalityofeducation1.G

6、rammarSchools-----wherethemostacademicallycapablepupilsweresenttobepreparedforuniversity.2.VocationalSchools-----wherelesssuccessfulpupilsweresenttolearntrades.HistoryofEducationInthe1960s,comprehensiveschools（综合学校）wereintroducedalloverthecountry,whichendedthedivisionbetwe

7、engrammarschoolsandvocationalschools.Entranceexamswereabolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildrencompeteforplaces.HistoryofEducationIn1976,theLaborPartystarted“theGreatEducationDebate”------nationalstandardsandstylesofteaching.In1989,theConservativePartyledbyMargar

8、etThatcherintroducedaNationalCurriculum(全国教学大纲)andunified(使统一)subjects.HistoryofEducation